Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies for fatty acid analysis in biological samples
Journal
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Journal Volume
28
Journal Issue
1
Pages
60-73
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Chiu H.-H.
Abstract
Fatty acids play critical roles in biological systems. Imbalances in fatty acids are related to a variety of diseases, which makes the measurement of fatty acids in biological samples important. Many analytical strategies have been developed to investigate fatty acids in various biological samples. Due to the structural diversity of fatty acids, many factors need to be considered when developing analytical methods including extraction methods, derivatization methods, column selections, and internal standard selections. This review focused on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based methods. We reviewed several commonly used fatty acid extraction approaches, including liquid–liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction. Moreover, both acid and base derivatization methods and other specially designed methods were comprehensively reviewed, and their strengths and limitations were discussed. Having good separation efficiency is essential to building an accurate and reliable GC–MS platform for fatty acid analysis. We reviewed the separation performance of different columns and discussed the application of multidimensional GC for improving separations. The selection of internal standards was also discussed. In the final section, we introduced several biomedical studies that measured fatty acid levels in different sample matrices and provided hints on the relationships between fatty acid imbalances and diseases. ? 2019
Subjects
Biological samples; Fatty acid; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry
SDGs
Other Subjects
arachidic acid; arachidonic acid; behenic acid; cis 11 eicosenoic acid; cis 11,14 eicosadienoic acid; cis 11,14,17 eicosatrienoic acid; cis 13,16 docosadienoic acid; cis 4,7,10,13,16,19 docosahexaenoic; cis 5,8,11,14,17 eicosapentaenoic acid; cis 8,11,14 eicosatrienoic acid; elaidic acid; erucic acid; fatty acid; gamma linolenic acid; heneicosanoic acid; lignoceric acid; linoleic acid; linolelaidic acid; linolenic acid; nervonic acid; oleic acid; stearic acid; tricosanoic acid; unclassified drug; Alzheimer disease; brain ischemia; breast cancer; colorectal cancer; dementia; dengue; derivatization; diabetes mellitus; erythrocyte; fatty acid analysis; fatty acid level; heart failure; human; liquid liquid extraction; liver cirrhosis; lung cancer; mass fragmentography; metabolic syndrome X; microwave assisted extraction; multiple myeloma; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; nonhuman; pancreas cancer; phase separation; Review; schizophrenia; Sjoegren syndrome; solid phase extraction; solid phase microextraction; trans isomer; ultrasound assisted extraction
Type
review