Design of Microwave and Millimeter-wave CMOS VCOs and Frequency Dividers
Date Issued
2009
Date
2009
Author(s)
Lin, Chieh-An
Abstract
Researches on voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) and frequency dividers in phase locked loop for microwave and millimeter-wave region are presented in this dissertation.COs and frequency dividers are essential building block in the phase locked loop in the transceiver system. An ideal VCO which has to oscillate at the correct frequency with low phase noise, otherwise it will affect the signal down-converting or up-converting to the baseband or Radio frequency. And a good frequency divider has to provide correct frequency division and induce less noise to the PLLs. Both of them are power hungry circuit to the PLL of frequency synthesizers. n the thesis, two Microwave VCOs and Millimeter-wave frequency divider will be discussed. Firstly, a switched-inductor VCO with wide tuning range and low phase noise is implemented in CMOS 0.18 μm process. By using the new technique of switching-inductors method, the VCO operate from 3.07 to 3.39 GHz, 3.54 to 3.84 GHz, and 4.21 to 4.75 GHz with different inductors in the LC tank. The phase noise performance at 1-MHz offset are -115, -104, and -100 dBc/Hz, respectively. Second VCO with transformer feedback is designed for low dc power consumption. Using the transformer feedback of the circuit, the VCO only consumes 3 mW from 0.6 V power supply and can oscillate from 22.1 to 24.3 GHz. The phase noise at 1-MHz offset is -113 dBc/Hz. With the body bias technique, the lowest dc power consumption can be achieved at 0.75 mW. The measured phase noise is -96 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset when the lowest power is applied.inally, an injection-locked frequency divider for 60 GHz is designed. The proposed injection-locked divider is using transformer coupled technique. The circuit is implemented by TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS process. From the measured result, the divider has a locking range of 1.8 % under 0 dBm of the injected signal, and 5 % under 10 dBm. The total power consumption is only 0.5 mW from the power supply of 0.5 V.
Subjects
Microwave
Millimeter-wave
VCO
Divider
Type
thesis
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