咔唑基膦酸分子添加劑的雙重功能性實現高效無電洞傳輸層鈣鈦礦發光二極體
Other Title
Dual functionality of carbazole-based phosphonic acid molecular additives realizes efficient hole transport layer-free perovskite light-emitting diodes
Journal
光學工程
Journal Issue
166
Start Page
3
End Page
17
Date Issued
2025-09
Author(s)
Abstract
傳統鈣鈦礦發光二極體（Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes, PeLEDs）所使用的電洞傳輸層（Hole Transport Layer, HTL）因其合成複雜性及耗能的沉積過程，成為商業化應用的主要瓶頸。移除HTL不僅能簡化元件結構、降低製造成本，更能提升量產的可行性。本研究提出一種簡易且高效的方法，利用咔唑基膦酸（Carbazole-based Phosphonic Acid, PACz）分子添加劑的雙重功能性，成功解決了無HTL結構中常見的電洞注入不佳與電荷不平衡等核心問題。研究結果表明，PACz分子具有優異的自組裝特性與缺陷鈍化能力。部分PACz分子在旋轉塗布過程中會自發性地在氧化銦錫（ITO）基板上形成電洞選擇性接觸，有效地降低電洞注入能障，促進輻射復合效率。同時，另一部分融入鈣鈦礦晶格的PACz分子，其膦酸基團（P=O）與鈣鈦礦中的未配位鉛離子（Pb^(2+)）及鹵素空缺產生有效的路易斯酸鹼交互作用，顯著降低非輻射復合。最終，搭載PACz分子的無HTL元件展現了卓越的性能，其外部量子效率（EQE）最高可達近14%，最大亮度超過51,000 cd/m^2，遠優於未經處理的對照組元件。本研究成果為開發高效、低成本的PeLEDs提供了一個極具潛力的發展方向。
Traditional perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) rely on a hole transport layer (HTL), which poses significant challenges for commercialization due to its complex synthesis and energy-intensive deposition process. Removing the HTL not only simplifies the device structure and reduces manufacturing costs but also enhances scalability for mass production. This study presents a simple and efficient method utilizing the dual functionality of carbazole-based phosphonic acid (PACz) molecular additives to successfully address the issues of poor hole injection and charge imbalance commonly encountered in HTL-free structures. Our results demonstrate that PACz molecules exhibit excellent self-assembly properties and defect passivation capabilities. During the spin-coating process, some PACz molecules spontaneously form hole-selective contacts on the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate, effectively reducing the hole injection energy barrier and enhancing radiative recombination efficiency. Meanwhile, the PACz molecules in the perovskite layer form effective Lewis acid-base interactions between their phosphonic acid groups (P=O) and uncoordinated lead ions (Pb^(2+)) and halide vacancies in the perovskite, significantly reducing non-radiative recombination. Ultimately, the HTL-free device incorporating PACz molecules demonstrated outstanding performance, achieving an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of nearly 14% and a maximum brightness exceeding 51,000 cd/m^2, significantly outperforming the untreated control device. This study provides a highly promising direction for the development of efficient, low-cost PeLEDs.
Subjects
發光二極體
準二維鈣鈦礦
無電洞傳輸層
自組裝材料
缺陷鈍化
Light-emitting diodes
quasi-2D perovskite
hole transport layer-free
self-assembled materials
defect passivation
Type
journal article