Aromatic compounds and organic acids identified from Ganoderma formosanum exhibit synergistic anti-melanogenic effects
Journal
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Journal Volume
32
Journal Issue
4
Start Page
532-543
ISSN
2224-6614
Date Issued
2024-12-14
Author(s)
Chen-Che Hsieh
Chih-Yao Hou
Hsiao-Yun Lei
Darin Khumsupan
Huey-Jine Chai
Pek-Kui Lim
Kai-Wen Cheng
Abstract
This study reveals the anti-tyrosinase activity of Ganoderma formosanum extracts, pinpointing compounds including gluconic acid, mesalamine, L-pyroglutamic acid, esculetin, 5-hydroxyindole, and salicylic acid, as effective melanin production inhibitors in melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, multiple molecular docking simulations provided insights into interactions between the identified compounds and tyrosinase, increasing binding affinity up to -16.36 kcal/mol. The enhanced binding of identified compounds to tyrosinase facilitated synergistic inhibitory effects on melanin production. This study highlights the potential of GFE-EA as a source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors and contributes to understanding the role of active compounds extracted from G. formosanum.
Publisher
The Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (JFDA), Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan (TFDA)
Type
journal article