Is the control-ownership deviation always “parasites”? Evidence from control-enhancing organizations and earnings quality
Date Issued
2008
Date
2008
Author(s)
Wang, Hong-Da
Abstract
Pyramiding and cross shareholdings, among the most common mechanisms adopted by family businesses or business groups for control-enhancing, are deemed as expropriation tools over minority shareholders, and thus blamed for lower level of earnings quality. In this study I try to investigate if the utilization of pyramiding and (or) cross shareholdings (measured by the deviation of voting rights from cash flow rights) could also serve as a tool to mitigate earnings management due to slack in debt contracting.mpirical analyses show that good or bad family firms, from the perspectives of earnings quality, can be derived by separating family firms based on the degree of deviation of control from ownership, Moreover, despite that the deviation is positively related to abnormal accruals over a deviation threshold, the deviation is negatively associated with the extent of earnings management in family or group firms with low deviation, indicating the dominance of internal capital market below a deviation threshold.dditional analyses show that family and group firms are less conservative in the extent to which loss and gain are asymmetrically recognized. Besides, investors are sensitive to the board representation of controlling shareholders, thus demanding more conservatism when controlling shareholders occupy more board seats.
Subjects
family firms
business groups
pyramidal groups
cross shareholdings
internal capital market
deviation of control from ownership
earnings quality
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