High glucose induces human endothelial cell apoptosis through a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 pathway
Journal
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Journal Volume
25
Journal Issue
3
Pages
539-545
Date Issued
2005
Author(s)
Abstract
Objectives - Diabetes mellitus causes endothelial dysfunction. The precise molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycemia causes apoptosis in endothelial cells are not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to explore the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the possible involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods and Results - For detection of apoptosis, the morphological Hoechst staining and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining were used. Glucose upregulated COX-2 protein expression, which was associated with the induction of prostaglandin (PG) E2 (PGE 2), caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we found that PI3K inhibitors could suppress COX-2 expression, PGE2 production, caspase-3 activity, and the subsequent apoptosis under HG condition. Glucose-induced activation of PI3K resulted in the downstream effector Akt phosphorylation. PI3K inhibitors effectively attenuated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. Blocking the PI3K and Akt activities with the dominant-negative vectors greatly diminished the HG-triggered NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression and apoptosis. Conclusions - These results suggest that HG, via PI3K/Akt signaling, induces NF-κB-related upregulation of COX-2, which in turn triggers the caspase-3 activity that facilitates HUVEC apoptosis. Also, HG may cause ROS generation in HUVECs through a PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway. ? 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
SDGs
Other Subjects
cyclooxygenase 2; glucose; immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein; phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; reactive oxygen metabolite; apoptosis; article; controlled study; downstream processing; endothelium cell; enzyme activation; enzyme activity; enzyme phosphorylation; human; human cell; priority journal; protein expression; signal transduction; upregulation; 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Caspases; Cells, Cultured; Chromones; Cyclooxygenase 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dinoprostone; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucose; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Morpholines; NF-kappa B; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Umbilical Veins
Type
journal article