Functional roles of calreticulin in cancer biology
Journal
BioMed Research International
Journal Volume
2015
Pages
526524
Date Issued
2015
Author(s)
Abstract
Calreticulin is a highly conserved endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein which participates in various cellular processes. It was first identified as a Ca2+-binding protein in 1974. Accumulated evidences indicate that calreticulin has great impacts for the development of different cancers and the effect of calreticulin on tumor formation and progression may depend on cell types and clinical stages. Cell surface calreticulin is considered as an "eat-me" signal and promotes phagocytic uptake of cancer cells by immune system. Moreover, several reports reveal that manipulation of calreticulin levels profoundly affects cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis as well as differentiation. In addition to immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, interactions between calreticulin and integrins have been described during cell adhesion, which is an essential process for cancer metastasis. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors which connect extracellular matrix and intracellular cytoskeleton and trigger inside-out or outside-in signaling transduction. More and more evidences reveal that proteins binding to integrins might affect integrin-cytoskeleton interaction and therefore influence ability of cell adhesion. Here, we reviewed the biological roles of calreticulin and summarized the potential mechanisms of calreticulin in regulating mRNA stability and therefore contributed to cancer metastasis. ? 2015 Yi-Chien Lu et al.
SDGs
Other Subjects
calreticulin; chaperone; integrin; messenger RNA; calcium; calreticulin; calreticulin, human; angiogenesis; biological functions; bladder cancer; breast cancer; calcium homeostasis; cancer cell; carcinogenesis; cell adhesion; cell differentiation; cell interaction; cell migration; cell proliferation; colon cancer; cytoskeleton; esophagus cancer; extracellular matrix; gene expression regulation; human; immune system; immunogenicity; metastasis; mouth cancer; neoplasm; nerve cell differentiation; neuroblastoma; ovary cancer; pancreas cancer; phagocytosis; prostate cancer; protein binding; protein function; protein protein interaction; protein structure; Review; RNA stability; signal transduction; stomach cancer; vagina cancer; endoplasmic reticulum; genetics; metabolism; neoplasm; pathology; Calcium; Calreticulin; Carcinogenesis; Cell Adhesion; Cytoskeleton; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Type
review