Treatment of Perfluorinated Chemicals by Electro-Microfiltration
Resource
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 44(20), 7914-7920
Journal
Environmental Science & Technology
Pages
7914-7920
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are negatively charged and have low pK a values in water; therefore, a laboratory-scale electro- microfiltration (EMF) unit that applies a direct-current electrical field across its membrane can greatly enhance their removal from aqueous systems. We examined the effects of an aqueous inorganic matrix (pH: 4, 7, or 10; ionic strength: 0.4-4.8 mM; ionic composition: Na2SO4, NaCl, NH4Cl or CaCl2) and an organic matrix such as dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the ability of EMF to remove perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Decreased removal of PFOX (X = A or S) was observed when the proton concentration and the ionic strength increased. When the applied electrical field strength was less than the critical electrical field strength (Ecritical, HA), PFOX removal was lower in the presence of DOM. We hypothesize that these matrices affect PFOX rejection by altering membrane zeta potential during filtration in the presence of an electrical field. In addition, EMF was found to remove three other PFCs effectively (perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluorohexane sulfonate, and perfluorohexanoic acid), and was also able to remove 70% PFOX and 80% DOC from real industrial wastewaters. © 2010 American Chemical Society.
SDGs
Other Subjects
Aqueous system; Direct-current; Dissolved organic matters; Electrical field; Electrical field strength; Industrial wastewaters; Inorganic matrices; Ionic composition; Laboratory scale; Organic matrix; Perfluorinated chemicals; Perfluorinated compounds; Perfluorooctane sulfonates; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Proton concentrations; Biological materials; Calcium chloride; Microfiltration; pH effects; Sodium; Sodium chloride; Sulfur compounds; Wastewater; Water filtration; Zeta potential; Ionic strength; dissolved organic matter; perflexane; perfluoro compound; perfluorodecanoic acid; perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; proton; aqueous solution; biofiltration; chemical compound; dissolved organic matter; electric field; industrial waste; membrane; pollutant removal; ultrafiltration; wastewater; water treatment; aqueous solution; article; electric field; electromicrofiltration; hypothesis; ionic strength; microfiltration; pH; waste water management; zeta potential; Chromatography, Liquid; Electrochemistry; Filtration; Fluorocarbons; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Osmolar Concentration; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Type
journal article
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