Dental pulp tissue regeneration by deciduous pulp stem cells
Date Issued
2008
Date
2008
Author(s)
Chang, Yi-Tan
Abstract
Periodontal diseases、caries、trauma or cancer are common causes for tooth decay or tooth loss. A biological tooth substitute that could replace decayed tooth or lost tooth would provide a vital alternative to currently available clinical therapy. The aim of the study was to utilize deciduous dental pulp stem cells and tissue engineering method to regenerate injured dental pulp. By using enzyme digestion, dental pulp stem cells could be isolated from deciduous teeth. These cells have capacity to generate clongenic cell clusters in culture. They were also identified to be a population with high proliferation capability. They can express three stemness genes- Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog and surface markers which are known to express in stem cells, such as STRO-1, CD146, CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105 were also expressed on these cells. Moreover, these deciduous dental pulp stem cells could differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or odontoblast. We also established an animal model with utilizing mini-pig to determine the functional property of dental pulp stem cell in vivo. Firstly, we performed pulpotomy for posterior teeth and pulpectomy for anterior teeth. And the experiments were divided into four groups. In the first group, nothing was put in the pulp chamber or canals. In the second group, deciduous dental pulp stem cells of mini-pig with cultured medium were transplanted into the pulp chamber and pulp canals. In the third group, deciduous dental pulp stem cells of mini-pig with lovastatin were transplanted. In the fourth group, deciduous dental pulp stem cells of mini-pig with odontoblast induction medium were transplanted. Then we determined the pulp reaction three month after transplantation. The result showed that reparative dentin and collagen were regenerated. The amount of regenerative dentin in each group of posterior teeth was roughly similar. However, in the third group of anterior teeth, in which lovastatin was added, 7.5 mm reparative dentin was regenerated. The regenerated amount was greater than those in the first and the fourth groups. Therefore, lovastatin might enhance odontoblast differentiation. In summary, we established a new model for investigating the functional reconstruction capability with dental pulp stem cells transplantation in vivo. We also revealed dental pulp stem cells from one deciduous tooth can be expanded in vitro which possibly can be utilized for teeth replacement therapy in the future.
Subjects
dental pulp stem cell
deciduous tooth
mesenchymal stem cell
tissue engineering
tooth regeneration
dentin
SDGs
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