A novel GCM1 target gene, high temperature requirement A4 (HtrA4), regulates placental cell fusion and invasion.
Date Issued
2012
Date
2012
Author(s)
Wang, Liang-Jie
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion and cell invasion are essential for placental development. Human cytotrophoblasts in the chorionic villi may undergo cell-cell fusion to form syncytiotrophoblast to facilitate nutrient-gas exchange or differentiate into extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) to facilitate maternal-fetal circulation. In our previous studies, the placental transcription factor, glial cell missing 1 (GCM1), regulates syncytin-1 and -2 expression to mediate trophoblast fusion. Interestingly, GCM1 and syncytin-1 are also expressed in EVTs with unknown physiological functions. We firstly demonstrated that GCM1 promote placental cells invasion. We also performed ChIP-chip analysis and identify high temperature requirement A4 (HtrA4) as a GCM1 novel target gene, which encodes a serine protease facilitating cleavage of fibronectin and invasion of placental cells. Importantly, HtrA4 is immunolocalized in EVTs at the maternal-fetal interface and its expression is decreased by hypoxia and in preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication associated with placental hypoxia and shallow trophoblast invasion. We further demonstrate that HtrA4 interacts with SU domain of syncytin-1 and suppresses cell-cell fusion. Therefore, HtrA4 may be crucial for EVT differentiation by playing a dual role in prevention of cell-cell fusion of EVTs and promotion of their invasion into the uterus. Our study reveals a novel function of GCM1 and HtrA4 in regulation of trophoblast invasion and that abnormal HrtA4 expression may contribute to shallow trophoblast invasion in preeclampsia.
Subjects
GCM1
HtrA4
trophoblast
Type
thesis
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