Cross-Talk among Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils, Immune, and Non-Immune Cells via Released Cytokines, Granule Proteins, Microvesicles, and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: A Novel Concept of Biology and Pathobiology for Neutrophils
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
Journal Volume
22
Journal Issue
6
Pages
1
Date Issued
2021-03-02
Author(s)
Tsai, Chang-Youh
Liu, Chih-Wei
Lu, Cheng-Shiun
Liao, Hsien-Tzung
Chen, Ming-Han
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are traditionally regarded as professional phagocytic and acute inflammatory cells that engulf the microbial pathogens. However, accumulating data have suggested that PMNs are multi-potential cells exhibiting many important biological functions in addition to phagocytosis. These newly found novel activities of PMN include production of different kinds of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)/ectosomes/exosomes and trogocytosis (membrane exchange) with neighboring cells for modulating innate, and adaptive immune responses. Besides, PMNs exhibit potential heterogeneity and plasticity in involving antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), cancer immunity, autoimmunity, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, PMNs may also play a role in ameliorating inflammatory reaction and wound healing by a subset of PMN myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC). Furthermore, PMNs can interact with other non-immune cells including platelets, epithelial and endothelial cells to link hemostasis, mucosal inflammation, and atherogenesis. The release of low-density granulocytes (LDG) from bone marrow initiates systemic autoimmune reaction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In clinical application, identification of certain PMN phenotypes may become prognostic factors for severe traumatic patients. In the present review, we will discuss these newly discovered biological and pathobiological functions of the PMNs.
Subjects
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); ectosome; exosome; low-density granulocyte; neutrophil extracellular trap (NET); polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC); polymorphonuclear neutrophil; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); trogocytosis
Antibody?dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC); Ectosome; Exosome; Low?density granulocyte; Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET); Polymorphonuclear myeloid?derived suppressor cell (PMN?MDSC); Polymorphonuclear neutrophil; Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); Trogocytosis
SDGs
Other Subjects
autoantibody; chemokine; cytokine; growth factor; cytokine; adaptive immunity; atherogenesis; autoimmune disease; autoimmunity; B lymphocyte; biological activity; biological functions; bone marrow; cardiovascular disease; cell communication; cell mediated cytotoxicity; cell plasticity; cytotoxicity; defense mechanism; endothelium cell; epithelium cell; exosome; extracellular trap; granulocyte; hemostasis; human; immune response; immunobiology; immunological synapse; immunomodulation; immunopathology; immunosuppressive treatment; inflammation; inflammatory disease; innate immunity; membrane microparticle; membrane transport; mouth cavity; neutrophil; neutrophil granule; nonhuman; particle size; pathology; pathophysiology; periodontitis; phenotype; pregnancy; Review; rheumatic disease; suppressor cell; systemic lupus erythematosus; thrombocyte; tissue injury; tumor immunity; tumor promotion; vascular disease; vasculitis; wound healing; animal; metabolism; neutrophil; pathology; Animals; Cell Communication; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Extracellular Traps; Humans; Neutrophils
Publisher
MDPI
Type
review