Phthalate metabolites in urine samples from school children in Taipei, Taiwan
Journal
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Journal Volume
69
Journal Issue
2
Pages
202-207
Date Issued
2015
Author(s)
Abstract
In 2011, Taiwan authorities reported that two phthalates, including di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-iso-nonyl phthalate, were intentionally introduced into a variety of foods and beverages during the course of 15 years. However, little is known about body burdens of phthalate contaminations in local residents, especially children recently living in Taiwan. In the present study, five target phthalate metabolite analytes - including monomethyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) - in spot urine samples were analyzed by way of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. All of the urine samples were collected from 225 healthy school children between 12 and 15 years of age (average 13.6) in the Taipei area, Taiwan, between 2009 and 2010. As the dominant urinary phthalate metabolites in Taiwanese school children, MEHP and MBP contributed 61 and 29 % of all of the target analytes, respectively. MEHP had the highest median of 29.8 μg/g creatinine (range of 13.1-72.8), which was greater than those reported for school children in the other countries during the same period, whereas MBP had a median of 14.3 μg/g creatinine (range 7.91-27.8). Statistically, urinary concentrations of MBP, MBzP, and MEHP were determined to have significantly positive correlations with the ages of Taiwanese school children (p < 0.05). Furthermore, urinary levels of MBzP in male children were considerably greater than those in female children (p = 0.006). ? Springer+Business Media New York 2015.
SDGs
Other Subjects
creatinine; mono n butyl phthalate; monobenzyl phthalate; monoethyl phthalate; monomethyl phthalate; phthalic acid; phthalic acid 2 ethylhexyl monoester; unclassified drug; phthalic acid; phthalic acid derivative; pollutant; age class; chemical analysis; child health; concentration (composition); food intake; health survey; metabolite; phthalate; spatiotemporal analysis; urine; adolescent; Article; child; correlation coefficient; female; human; kidney concentrating capacity; male; normal human; priority journal; school child; Taiwan; Taiwanese; urinalysis; urine level; analysis; environmental exposure; pollutant; statistics and numerical data; urine; Taipei; Taiwan; Adolescent; Child; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Humans; Male; Phthalic Acids; Taiwan
Type
journal article