The analyses of rearing state and production for capons in Taiwan
Date Issued
2011
Date
2011
Author(s)
Wu, Shih-Ming
Abstract
Capon production is an important item in chicken industry in Taiwan with long history while little literature reports its scenes, and the purposes of this study are to survey the state of capon production in Taiwan and to compare the growth performance and meat qualities between different commercial breeds.
The data including the breed, number and production scale of the commercial capons from individual farms were collected and results showed that the current commercial breeds were divided into two categories, the large or small size. The small-size type capons, including black feather Taiwan country chicken (BF) and Gu-tsou chicken (GT), are widely distributed in whole Taiwan and their market weights are 2.4 ~ 3.6 kg at 22 weeks of age. The large-size ones containing game bird (GB), Chupei-fang chickens (CF), naked neck chickens (NN) and red feather Taiwan country chickens (RF), are gathered in Taoyuan, Miaoli and Hsinchu counties and sold with higher prices, when body weights reach at least 4.8 kg at 26 ~ 30 weeks of age, compared with the small types. The black feather Taiwan country capon is the dominant breed in capon production.
For comparing the growth performance and meat qualities between different commercial breeds, seven breeds of males including BF, GT, RF, GB, CF, NN and silky (SK), which is a special breed of Taiwan country chicken were caponized at 7 weeks of age and each breed of 24 capons was allocated into 6 pens randomly in the coming week. All groups of capons were provided with the same diet containing 3000 kcal/kg of ME and 180 g/kg of CP ad libitum. Half capons were sacrificed for sampling at 24 weeks of age (24W) and the others were terminated at 32 weeks of age (32W). The results showed that the RF, GB, CF and NN capons showed significantly heavier body weight and higher feed intake than BF, GT and SK did during the whole experiment period (p < 0.05) whereas NN showed lower feed efficiency between breeds. Relative organ weights and abdominal fat weight to body weight varied with breeds, especially in gizzard. The dressing percentage and the ratios of breast meat, legs or wings to carcass were significantly influenced by the breeds and body sizes, and the BF and GB had higher ratios of breast meat and dressing percentage than the SK did(p < 0.05). The colors of skin and meat were also significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by breeds and body sizes. Interaction existed between breeds and age in the L value of skin and the L and b values, pH values and water holding capacity of thigh meat. The diameter of muscle fiber of large-size capons was bigger than the small ones, and it grew with age (p < 0.05). The fat percentage, tenderness, and juiciness score of breast meat and the flavor score of thigh meat were significantly influenced by breed (p < 0.05). The flavor score of BF were higher than that of GT while the juiciness score of GB were higher than all of the large capons(p < 0.05). The data showed that the BF and GB had better performance in meat quality.
As noted above, there are different breeds of capons distributed in many regions with the different growth performance, carcass characteristic and meat quality in Taiwan whereas the BF and GB capons are the dominant breeds and exhibit better production performance.
Subjects
capon
growth performance
carcass traits
meat quality
sensory test
Type
thesis
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