Molecular Ecology of Elegant Scops Owl (Otus elegans)
Date Issued
2005
Date
2005
Author(s)
Hsu, Yu-Cheng
DOI
en-US
Abstract
Chapter 1
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers from the Lanyu Scops Owl (Otus elegans botelensis) and their cross-species application in four species of strigidae
Abstract
From a genomic library enriched for GATA/CTAT and GAAA/CTTT repeats, eighteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the Lanyu Scops Owl (Otus elegans botelensis). Polymorphism of these loci was evaluated in a sample of 100 adult individuals of unknown relationship. The allele numbers of each locus were from 5 to 28 and the observed heterozygosity of each locus ranges from 0.59 to 0.95. All loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. In addition, we cross-species tested these microsatellite primer pairs on four other species of owls (O. lettia, O. spilocephalus, O. sunia, and Ninox scutulata). Results showed that the degree of polymorphism decreased with increasing phylogenetic distance to O. elegans. Most loci (12, 15, and 18) were polymorphic in the three Otus owls but only five loci were polymorphic in N. scutulata. These microsatellites should be very useful genetic markers in studying the mating system, population genetics, and conservation genetics of other little studied Old World Otus owls.
Chapter 2
Genetic mating system of Lanyu Scops Owls (Otus elegans botelensis)
Abstract
The genetic mating system is known for only a few species of owls. Most of them are genetically monogamous. The Lanyu Scops Owl (Otus elegans botelensis) breeds in high density in the forests of Lanyu (Orchid Island), southeast of Taiwan. Because extra-pair copulations (EPCs) have frequently been observed, we suspected a high degree of extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs). Using a set of 12 microsatellite loci, we assigned the parentage of 200 offspring from 108 families collected between 1999 and 2004. Parentage analysis revealed only two cases of parentage mismatch among 108 broods. The first case was most likely a case of brood usurpation, which would be the first case reported in the Strigidae. The second case was an EPF resulting in one offspring. Our study found that Lanyu Scops Owls are essentially genetically monogamous. Therefore, field monitoring data has provided reliable estimates of the lifetime reproductive success of this species.
Chapter 3
Phylogeography of the Elegant Scops Owl (Otus elegans) on East Asian Islands
Abstract
The phylogeography of birds reflects the influence of both the geographic history of the area and the dispersal ability of the species. Islands have proven to be ideal sites for such studies due to the nature of their isolation. Elegant Scops Owl (Otus elegans) is a small owl found only in the forests of some East Asian islands. We used complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 genes (1665 bp in total) and 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci to analyze the population genetic structure of this owl on 10 islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan and on Lanyu (Orchid Island), Taiwan, in an attempt to infer the genetic diversity, population differentiation, gene flow, and demographic history of this species. Based on blood samples from 164 owls, we found higher genetic diversity on more northerly islands than on more southerly islands. No mtDNA variations were detected in remote island populations (Minami Daito and Lanyu). Pairwise Fst values between islands showed population differentiation on most islands. A deep divergence between northern and southern Ryukyu populations indicated a long period of north-south isolation. Bayesian estimation using the MDIV program revealed that the divergent time and the rate of gene flow differed among island pairs. Maximum likelihood estimates using MIGRATE found that the gene flow between islands was low and directionally asymmetrical, with a more northerly migration than the reverse. Maximum likelihood analysis using FLUCTUATE revealed that Ryukyu owl population sizes have been increasing since the last glaciation, but the rate of increase are lower in the north than in the south.
Subjects
優雅角鴞
蘭嶼角鴞
偶外受精
族群遺傳
Otus elegans
Lanyu Scops Owl
extra-pair fertilization
population genetics
SDGs
Type
other
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