Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and B cells: Clinical impact and therapeutic modulation in cancer
Journal
Seminars in Immunology
Journal Volume
48
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Abstract
Tumors progression is under the control of a heterogeneous microenvironment composed of immune cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels, in which T cells have been demonstrated to be major actors, through their cytotoxic and cytokine producing effector functions and their long term memory that protects against metastasis. In this scenario, lessons from mouse models taught that B cells exert a protumoral role, via macrophage-dependent activation of inflammation. However, it became progressively evident from studies in patients with human cancers that the anti-tumor responses can be generated and controlled in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) that concentrate most of the intratumoral B cells and where B cells can differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrated that the presence in tumors of B cells and TLS are associated with favorable outcome in patients treated by immunotherapy, unraveling TLS as a new predictive marker of anti-tumor response human cancers. This review encompasses the characteristics and functions of TLS and of B cells in human tumors, their prognostic and theranostic impact and summarizes the mouse models used to induce TLS neogenesis in tumors. ? 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Subjects
Adaptive anti-tumor response; B cells; Clinical outcome; Immunotherapy; Prognosis; Tertiary lymphoid structures
SDGs
Other Subjects
antineoplastic agent; antineoplastic monoclonal antibody; chemokine; cytokine; pharmacological biomarker; tumor marker; B lymphocyte; cancer chemotherapy; cancer immunotherapy; cancer prognosis; carcinogenesis; cell function; clinical outcome; human; immunocompetent cell; immunomodulation; lymphocyte differentiation; malignant neoplasm; mouse model; neoadjuvant chemotherapy; nonhuman; preclinical study; Review; single cell RNA seq; stroma cell; T lymphocyte activation; tertiary lymphoid structure; animal; B lymphocyte; immunology; immunomodulation; immunotherapy; neoplasm; procedures; T lymphocyte; tertiary lymphoid structure; tumor microenvironment; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Immunomodulation; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes; Tertiary Lymphoid Structures; Tumor Microenvironment
Publisher
Academic Press
Type
review