Immunobiology of the Tomatine adjuvant
Journal
Vaccine
Journal Volume
22
Journal Issue
19
Pages
2380-2384
Date Issued
2004
Author(s)
Morrow W.J.W.
YA-WUN YANG
Sheikh N.A.
Abstract
Soluble or sub-unit protein vaccines alone are incapable of generating antigen-specific cellular immune responses. This failure can be attributed to the manner in which the immune system processes antigen; endogenous antigens are cycled through the MHC class I pathway to stimulate CD8+ restricted responses and exogenous antigens are processed through the MHC class II pathway to generate humoral immunity. Traditionally sub-unit vaccines have been formulated with adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity, however in the last decade a number of adjuvants have been developed that effectively stimulate the generation of both humoral and cellular immune responses, although the manner in which they exert their effects has not been investigated. Here we describe Tomatine, a glycoalkaloid based adjuvant, capable of stimulating potent antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses that contribute to protection against malaria, Francisella tularensis and regression of experimental tumors. Using in vivo models we investigated the manner in which cellular immune responses were generated by Tomatine. We established that Tomatine did not require either lymph node or splenic macrophages to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and delivered soluble protein into a pathway not dependant on the machinery of the classical MHC class I pathway. We also observed that at the molecular level Tomatine required both CD80 and CD86 costimulation to engender antigen-specific cellular immunity. ? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Subjects
Adjuvant; Antigen processing; Cytotoxic T lymphocytes; Gel-dispersion matrix; Glycoalkaloid; Tomatine
SDGs
Other Subjects
adjuvant; aluminum potassium sulfate; B7 antigen; bacterial protein; CD86 antigen; circumsporozoite protein; Freund adjuvant; glycolipid; ISCOM; major histocompatibility antigen class 1; ovalbumin; protein; protozoal protein; provax; quil A; saponin; tomatine; antibody titer; antigen specificity; cancer; cellular immunity; conference paper; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; Francisella tularensis; humoral immunity; immunobiology; lymph node; macrophage; malaria; nonhuman; priority journal; tularemia; tumor regression; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Malaria Vaccines; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tomatine; Vaccination
Type
conference paper