Likelihood-based concordance tests for analysis of ascertained twin pair multinomial data
Resource
Stat. Med., 31(1), 69-79
Journal
Statistics in Medicine
Pages
69-79
Date Issued
2012
Date
2012
Author(s)
Huang, Jason Kunming
Liu, Alyssa Yanzhen
Tai, John Jen
Abstract
The classic twin model design has a wide application in human genetics. Under the assumption that nongenetic effects are shared to the same degree by monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, a test of the equality of casewise concordances between MZ and DZ twins provides a clue to the influence of genetic and environmental factors on a disease. The casewise concordance is the conditional probability that given that one member of a twin pair is affected, the other is also affected. When disease prevalence is low or cost-effectiveness is considered, collection of twin pairs by ascertainment for performing casewise concordance analysis is required. In this article, by defining an overall casewise concordance parameter, several likelihood-based tests, such as likelihood ratio test LR, score test Score, the usual Wald test Wald and an alternative Wald test WaldA are investigated for a test of the equality of concordances between ascertained MZ and DZ twin pairs under multinomial models. Simulation studies were conducted for data with small sample sizes. The results show that the type I error rates and power of LR and Score are stable only when the overall casewise concordances are not extremely small or large. The Wald has higher power performance in most cases but would slightly inflate type I error rates; the WaldA is the most robust and recommended approach. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjects
Dirichlet-multinomial model
overall casewise concordance
probandwise concordance
self-contained subset method
truncated data
SDGs
Other Subjects
analytical error; article; breast development; controlled study; data analysis; dizygotic twins; female; human; likelihood based twin concordance test; likelihood ratio test statistic; male; monozygotic twins; multinomial data; probability; sample size; score test statistic; smoking habit; statistical analysis; statistical parameters; twin concordance; Wald type test statistic; Computer Simulation; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diseases in Twins; Female; Humans; Likelihood Functions; Male; Models, Statistical; Prevalence; Smoking; Twin Studies as Topic; Twins
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