Body Conformation Types, Carcass Traits, and Genetic Variation of Taiwan Black Pigs
Date Issued
2007
Date
2007
Author(s)
Chen, Yi-Zhen
DOI
zh-TW
Abstract
Taiwan pork industry was confronted with market impact after joining the WTO (World Trade Organization) in 2002. In 1999, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute (TLRI) bred the “TLRI No. 1 Black Pig” to establish a new local breed of black pigs for the pork market, but it’s not well accepted by pig farms. On the other hand, our current carcass grading system is not suitable for Taiwan black pigs because it is based on the lean content and black pig is emphasized on its intramuscular fat (IMF) content. For these reasons, we want to identify black pig body conformation parameters related to carcass composition, and suitable genetic markers for carcass traits and chemical composition of meats.
In this study, we collected samples from 250 Taiwan black pigs in 7 different farms as experimental animals. Data collection includes body conformation measurements before slaughter, carcass traits, chemical composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fat contents) of the M. longissimus dorsi, and polymorphic genetic markers of heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) gene, muscle regulatory factor genes – myogenin and myf6, and calcium release channel receptor (CRC) gene by PCR-RFLPs.
The results showed significant differences in body conformation measurements, carcass traits, chemical composition of the M. longissimus dorsi among the different farms (P<0.05). According to body conformation measurements, Taiwan black pigs can be classified into 3 body conformation types: meat, bacon, and lard. All of chest depth, chest width, chest girth, girth of limb, carcass length, backfat thickness, and intramuscular fat are significantly different among three body condition types (P<0.05). There were two restriction sites of myf6 gene for AvaI and BseRI sites and we found significant differences of body length, rump width, girth of limb, crude protein and crude fat content, and backfat thickness on the last lumbar in different genotype of the BseRI site (P<0.05), whereas no differences among the AvaI genotypes. There were no significant differences in body conformation measurements, carcass traits, and chemical composition of M. longissimus dorsi among different genotypes of myogenin and CRC genes (P>0.05).
In order to understand the genetic similarity of Taiwan black pigs from different farms, the 8 loci of H-FABP, myogenin, myf6, and CRC, and 2 loci of serum protein polymorphisms were collected for gene constitution analyses. According to the matrix of genetic distance and cluster analysis, Taiwan black pigs from different farms could be divided into five groups: Farm 1 and Farm 6, Farm 4 and Farm 7, Farm 5, Farm 2, and Farm 3.
In conclusion, chest depth, backfat thickness, and genotypes of the BseRI site of myf6 gene were suitable candidates as indicators and genetic markers to classify body conformation types. Furthermore, chest depth, chest width, chest girth, girth of limb, and carcass length can used to as references for establishing the carcass grading system specific for Taiwan black pigs.
Subjects
體型
屠體性狀
遺傳變異
肌內脂肪
Taiwan black pigs
body conformation
carcass traits
genetic variation
intramuscular fat
Type
thesis
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