The effects of 15-keto-PGE2 on IL-10 production in human macrophages
Date Issued
2009
Date
2009
Author(s)
Chen, Kuan-Hsun
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus is currently one of the main health treats for humans. It is now broadly accepted that low-grade chronic inflammation associated with obesity leads to the onset of type 2 diabetes. Obesity-associated inflammation is characterized by an increased abundance of macrophages in adipose tissue along with the production of inflammatory cytokines. Interleuikin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine that mediate immune and inflammatory responses by inhibiting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-10 secreted from macrophages in adipose tissue may counteract the inflammatory effects and protect adipose tissue from injuring. In this study, by using PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages, we demonstrated that 15-keto-PGE2 could induce the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production, but not the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12). The capacity of 15-keto-PGE2 to elevate IL-10 expression level was mediated through PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. 15-keto-PGE regulated IL-10 promoter activation by increasing the binding activities of transcription factors, CREB and Sp1. Furthermore, 15-keto-PGE2 also induced IL-10 production through partial PPARγ-dependent pathway. Taken together, these findings explore the crucial role of 15-keto-PGE2 in anti-inflammatory effect and enforce the importance of PGE2 catabolism in the immune response.
Subjects
Interleukin-10
PPARγ
THP-1 cell
macrophage
SDGs
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