Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Safety Attitude Questionnaire in Chinese Version : An exploratory study of Patient Safety culture in a Medical Center
Date Issued
2008
Date
2008
Author(s)
Chien, Shu-Feng
Abstract
Objectives: The Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) has been used in several countries to measure healthcare workers’ attitudes toward patient safety. It has not been validated in Taiwan, however. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a Chinese version of the SAQ and determine the extent to which safety attitudes varied among different types of staffs in a single hospital.ethods: The original SAQ was translated into Chinese in October 2006. There were 30 core items, measuring six domains of an organization’s safety culture: Teamwork Climate(TC), Safety Climate(SC), Job Satisfaction(JS), Stress Recognition(SR), Perceptions of Management(PM), and Working Conditions(WC). A hospital-wide safety attitude survey was conducted in one medical center in Taipei in April 2007. The reliability and validity of the SAQ were examined by confirmatory factor analysis. They rated their agreement with the items using a 5-point Likert scale. Each scale was scored by converting the 5-point Likert scale to a 100-point scale. Responses to each item in a scale were summed then divided by the number of items in that scale to create a mean score that ranged from 0 to 100. Differences in the mean scores of each scale were examined by analysis of variance among physicians, nurses, pharmacists, technicians, and non-medical staffs. esults: The overall response rate was 71.1%. The internal consistency of each domain was high (composite reliability: 0.77-0.93). The explanatory abilities of two-thirds (21/30) of the core items are considered important for the corresponding domains (squared multiple correlation [SMC] ≥ 0.5). The standardized factor loadings (λ) for most core items were statistically meaningful (λ = 0.38-0.90). The model fit was satisfactory for the six domains and for the safety culture via structural equation models. Except for Stress Recognition, all domains were highly correlated to one another (correlation coefficients: 0.67-0.93). The overall model fit was increased after removal of the SR scale. For all staffs, the mean±SD score was 70.99 ±18.45 for TC, 68.74±16.88 for SC, 68.68±22.50 for JS, 70.19±22.82 for SR, 62.84±18.95 for PM, and 65.87±18.52 for WC. There were statistically significant variations in safety attitudes among different types of staffs. onclusions: The Chinese version of the SAQ is reliable and valid in measuring frontline workers’ safety attitudes in this healthcare organization in Taiwan. Appropriate revision of the SAQc could be considered by removing the stress recognition scale for better model fit than the original version. Significant variations in safety attitudes existed among different types of staffs within the hospital.
Subjects
Patient Safety
Safety Culture
Safety Attitude Questionnaire
Teamwork Climate
Safety Climate
Job Satisfaction
Recognition of Stress
Perceptions of management
Working Conditions
Type
thesis
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