Ruminative Response Style, Dysphoria Mood Change and Emotional Regulation Strategies on Experiential Avoidance
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Lin, Wan-Chen
Abstract
Nolen- Hoeksema (1993) proposed that ruminative response style is related to the occurrence and deterioration of depression, and distraction is an adaptive strategy to modify the pathology of repetitive self-focus. Recent studies suggested ruminations were associated with experiential avoidance, indicating difficulty in processing negative experiences, and experiential ruminative self-focus might be adaptive. Nonetheless, the differential effects of analytical-evaluative rumination, experiential rumination, and distraction on experiential avoidance, especially in light of ruminative response style and amount of negative mood change remains elusive. After mood induction, 143 participants were randomly assigned to analytical-evaluative rumination, experiential rumination or distraction manipulation, and undertook Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task- Computerized (PASAT-C) subsequently, which the participants were allowed to stop at any time. The latency in seconds to task termination was used as an index of experiential avoidance. 130 participants whose negative mood was induced successfully were divided to four groups according to their RRS scores and negative mood change amount. A 2 (ruminative response style: high vs. low) × 2 (negative mood change amount: low vs. high) × 3 (regulation strategy: analytical-evaluative rumination, experiential rumination, or distraction) ANCOVA was conducted on termination latency with PASAT-C score as a covariant. The results showed that with high negative mood change, the termination latency of high ruminators was longer than low ruminators when undertaking distraction; however the effect was reversed when doing analytical-evaluative rumination. Besides, when undertaking experiential rumination, the termination latency of high ruminators with low negative mood change was longer, compared to that with high negative mood change. Moreover, when low ruminators with high negative mood change undertook analytic-evaluative rumination, their latencies were longer than when undertaking distraction; however, there were no differences among the three emotional regulation strategies for the low ruminator with low negative mood change. Taken together, the study suggested that the efficacy of different emotional regulation strategies depended on one’s ruminative response style and her/his emotional state.
Subjects
experiential avoidance
depressive rumination
experiential rumination
distraction
mindfulness
Type
thesis
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