Application and biomedical effects of iron oxide nanoparticles
Date Issued
2008
Date
2008
Author(s)
Hsiao, Jong-Kai
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been used as clinical magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. They are composed of iron oxide core coated with biodegradable polymers such as dextran or carboxydextran for improving solubility and suspensibility. Once if they are delivered into human body, most of them will be ingested by circulating macrophages and reticulo-endothelial system that mostly resides in the liver. Clinically, they are used for detecting and differentiating hepatic tumors. Although certain percentages of these particles are ingested by macrophages, little is known about the physiological influence of these particles after ingested into cells. e evaluated the physiological functions of macrophages including phagocytic activity, cellular migration, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) secretion, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and nitric oxide excretions. There is decreased phagocytic activity but increased cell migration ability. The cytokine assays showed increased TNF-αand IL-1β secretion. There is also increase in nitric oxide secretion after nanoparticles ingestion. We conclude that macrophage physiological functions are altered after magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ingestion. The impact on the whole living organism should be further investigated.tem cells play important roles in the development of tissue engineering. It is proposed that stem cells could be used for tissue repair and organ transplantation. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been used for labeling of stem cells for visualizing the fate of the cells in living organisms. Most of the labeling techniques are achieved by incorporation with transfecting agents such as protamine sulfate. We developed a simple method by choosing one kind of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Ferucarbotran that has carboxydextran coating instead of dextran coating. This method is simple and the viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species are not altered. Moreover, the capacity of osteocyte and adipocyte differentiation is preserved. We evaluated the efficacy of labeling ability by visualizing the cells at 1.5 Tesla clinical magnetic resonance imaging system and up to single cells could be resolved. We conclude that this labeling method is efficacious and could be applied in the stem cell technology.n summery, the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have different biological and medical application than materials at different size. Further evaluation of the impact of these particles on the biomedical science is beneficial in the development of nanotechnology and stem cell therapy.
Subjects
superparamagnetic iron oxide
nanoparticle
magnetic resonance imaging
stem cells
macrophage
Type
thesis
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