Toxic and metabolic effect of sodium butyrate on SAS tongue cancer cells: Role of cell cycle deregulation and redox changes
Journal
Toxicology
Journal Volume
223
Journal Issue
3
Pages
235-247
Date Issued
2006
Author(s)
Lee P.-H.
Wang Y.-J.
Lee M.-Y.
Tai T.-F.
Chang M.-C.
Abstract
Butyrate is a metabolite produced by oral and colonic microorganism. Butyrate has been shown to reduce colon cancer, whereas its role in oral carcinogenesis is not clear. Butyrate concentration in dental plaque and saliva ranged from 0.2 to 16 mM. In this study, we found that sodium butyrate inhibited the growth of SAS tongue cancer cells by 32% and 53% at concentrations of 1 and 2 mM, respectively. Low concentrations of sodium butyrate (1-8 mM) induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of SAS cells, whereas concentrations of 4-16 mM elicited G2/M arrest and a slight increase in apoptotic cell populations. These events were concomitant with induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. An elevation in p21 mRNA and protein level was noted in SAS cells by sodium butyrate. On the contrary, a decline of cyclin Bl, cdc2 and cdc25C mRNA and protein expression in SAS cells was found after exposure to sodium butyrate. In addition, no evident increase in cdc2 inhibitory phosphorylation was found in sodium butyrate-treated SAS cancer cells. Inclusion of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) (3 mM), catalase (1000 U/ml) and dimethylthiourea (DMT, 5 mM), and also SOD (500 U/ml) attenuated the sodium butyrate-induced ROS production in SAS cells. However, they were not able to prevent the cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and growth inhibition in SAS cells induced by 1, 2 and 16 mM of sodium butyrate. These results indicate that sodium butyrate is toxic and inhibits the tongue cancer cell growth via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Sodium butyrate mediates these events by mechanisms additional to ROS production. ? 2006.
SDGs
Other Subjects
acetylcysteine; butyric acid; catalase; cyclin B1; cyclin dependent kinase 1; dimethylthiourea; messenger RNA; protein p21; protein tyrosine phosphatase; reactive oxygen metabolite; superoxide dismutase; antineoplastic activity; antioxidant activity; apoptosis; article; cancer cell culture; cancer growth; cancer inhibition; cell cycle arrest; cell cycle G0 phase; cell cycle G1 phase; cell cycle G2 phase; cell population; controlled study; growth inhibition; human; human cell; human tissue; mitosis inhibition; oxidation reduction reaction; priority journal; protein blood level; protein expression; protein phosphorylation; tongue cancer; Apoptosis; Butyrates; Cell Cycle; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Free Radical Scavengers; Gene Expression; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tongue Neoplasms
Type
journal article