Multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis to 14 oral antibiotics
Journal
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Journal Volume
103
Journal Issue
9
Pages
664-670
Date Issued
2004
Author(s)
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Data on the in vitro activities of orally administered cephalosporins, particularly third-generation cephalosporins, against recent pathogens responsible for community-respiratory tract infection are lacking. Methods: A susceptibility surveillance of 267 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 205 of Streptococcus pyogenes, 204 of Haemophilus influenzae, and 147 of Moraxella catarrhalis to 14 oral antimicrobial agents using the agar dilution method was carried out from March 2002 to October 2002 in Taiwan. Results: High rates of non-susceptibility to penicillin (60%), cefaclor (67%), cefuroxime (62%), cefpodoxime (64%), clarithromycin (91%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (98%) for S. pneumoniae isolates and high rates of non-susceptibility to ampicillin (70%), clarithromycin (34%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63%) for H. influenzae isolates were found. The rank order of oral cephalosporin activity based on the minimum concentrations at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90s) for S. pneumoniae was cefpodoxime > cefuroxime > cefixime > cefaclor, cephradine > cephalexin and for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis was cefixime > cefpodoxime > cefuroxime > cefaclor > cephalexin, cephradine. Among the 75 5. pneumoniae isolates resistant to penicillin (MICs ranged 2 to 4 mg/L), 4% were intermediate to amoxicillin and > 90% were resistant to cefaclor, cefuroxime, and cefpodoxime. For S. pyogenes isolates, all were susceptible to penicillin, 21% were not susceptible to clarithromycin and 4% were not susceptible to clindamycin. Thirty four percent of H. influenzae isolates were not susceptible to clarithromycin. The MIC90 of clarithromycin against M. catarrhalis isolates was 0.5 mg/L. Conclusions: Cefpodoxime, cefixime, and cefuroxime are promising agents against these bacterial pathogens, except for penicillin-non-susceptible S. pneumoniae isolates.
SDGs
Other Subjects
amoxicillin; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; ampicillin; antibiotic agent; beta lactamase; cefaclor; cefalexin; cefixime; cefpodoxime; cefradine; cefuroxime; chloramphenicol; clarithromycin; clindamycin; cotrimoxazole; penicillin G; antiinfective agent; agar gel diffusion; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterial strain; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; controlled study; Haemophilus influenzae; health survey; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moraxella catarrhalis; nonhuman; species difference; statistical analysis; statistical significance; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes; Taiwan; clinical trial; communicable disease; drug effect; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; Haemophilus influenzae; human; microbiology; Moraxella catarrhalis; multicenter study; multidrug resistance; prospective study; respiratory tract infection; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Community-Acquired Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Tract Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes
Type
journal article