Risk factors for depressive symptoms in glaucoma patients: a nationwide case-control study
Journal
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Journal Volume
253
Journal Issue
8
Pages
1319-1325
Start Page
1319
End Page
1325
Date Issued
2015
Author(s)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose was to investigate the risk factors for depressive symptoms in glaucoma patients. Methods: From the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database in Taiwan, we included 1190 glaucoma patients with subsequent depression diagnoses in the case group and randomly selected 4673 glaucoma patients without depression diagnoses as the control group, matched by age, sex, and time of glaucoma diagnosis. The age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) score was used to compute the burden of comorbidity for each patient. Current use (past 6?months) of topical antiglaucoma medications and systemic medications was identified. Multivariate regression was used to analyze the risk factors for depression. Results: The mean age for glaucoma patients was 61.88?years. Patients with depressive symptoms had significantly higher ACCI scores (P <.0001). The current use of any topical antiglaucoma medications was not associated with an increased risk for depression. However, higher ACCI scores (P <.0001), cerebrovascular diseases (odds ratio [OR] = 1.324, 95?% confidence interval [CI] = 1.118--1.568), dementia (OR = 2.647, 95?% CI = 2.142–3.270), thyroid diseases (OR = 1.720, 95?% CI = 1.366–2.165), headaches (OR = 1.299, 95?% CI = 1.112–1.518), and current use of systemic β-blockers (OR = 1.782, 95?% CI = 1.538–2.065) and calcium channel blockers (OR = 1.396, 95?% CI, 1.197–1.629) were found to increase the risk of depression in glaucoma patients. Conclusions: In this study, a comorbidity burden was a significant risk factor for depression in glaucoma patients, particularly for those currently using systemic β-blockers and calcium channel blockers. ? 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Subjects
Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index; Depression; Glaucoma
SDGs
Other Subjects
adrenergic receptor stimulating agent; antiglaucoma agent; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; calcium channel blocking agent; carbonate dehydratase inhibitor; cholinergic receptor stimulating agent; prostaglandin derivative; antihypertensive agent; adult; age adjusted charlson comorbidity index; Article; cerebrovascular disease; Charlson Comorbidity Index; chronic kidney disease; chronic obstructive lung disease; comorbidity; congestive heart failure; controlled study; dementia; depression; diabetes mellitus; drug use; female; glaucoma; headache; human; hypertension; major clinical study; male; middle aged; peripheral vascular disease; population based case control study; priority journal; risk factor; systemic therapy; thyroid disease; topical treatment; aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; case control study; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Diabetes Complications; factual database; glaucoma; hypertension; odds ratio; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; risk factor; Taiwan; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Depressive Disorder; Diabetes Complications; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Taiwan
Publisher
Springer Verlag
Type
journal article