Probabilistic risk assessment for personal exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Taiwanese temples
Resource
Chemosphere 63 (9): 1610-1619
Journal
Chemosphere
Journal Volume
63
Journal Issue
9
Pages
1610-1619
Date Issued
2006
Date
2006
Author(s)
Chiang, Kuo-Chih
Abstract
To assess how the human exposure to airborne carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during working in or visiting a typical Taiwanese temple, we present a probabilistic risk model, appraised with reported empirical data. Two approaches are applied, one based on animal-derived benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) toxic equivalents (B[a]Peq) of individual PAHs and one is assumed that the potency of PAH mixtures is linked to their B[a]P level. The model integrates probabilistic exposure profiles of total-PAH and particle-bound PAH levels inside a temple from a published exploratory study with probabilistic incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) models taking into account inhalation and dermal contact pathways, to quantitatively estimate the exposure risks for three age groups of adult, adolescent, and child. Risk analysis indicates that 90% probability inhalation ILCRs for three age groups have orders of magnitude around 10-7-10-6; whereas for the dermal contact ILCRs ranging from 10-5 to 10-4, indicating high potential cancer risk. All 90% probabilities of B[a]P- and B[a]Peq-based total ILCRs are larger than 10-6, indicating unacceptable probability distributions for three age groups. Sensitivity analysis indicates that to increase the accuracy of the results efforts should focus on a better definition of probability distributions for inhalation cancer slope factor, inhalation rates, and particle-bound PAH-to-skin adherence factor. We estimate risk-based visiting frequency advice for adult, adolescent, and child to a temple ranging from 5 to 7, 17 to 23, and 48 to 65 year-1, respectively, based on an average 3 h residence time. ? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Subjects
Benzo[a]pyrene; Carcinogenicity; Incense; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Potency equivalency factor; Probabilistic risk assessment; Temple
SDGs
Other Subjects
Health risks; Mathematical models; Oncology; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Probability; Risk assessment; Tumors; Benzo[a]pyrene; Carcinogenicity; Incense; Potency equivalency factor; Probabilistic risk assessment; Temple; Carcinogens; benzo[a]pyrene; carcinogen; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Carcinogens; Health risks; Mathematical models; Oncology; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Probability; Risk assessment; Tumors; atmospheric pollution; carcinogen; PAH; risk assessment; adolescent; adult; age distribution; aged; article; cancer; cancer risk; carcinogenicity; controlled study; environmental exposure; exposure; health hazard; human; infant; probability; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; sensitivity analysis; skin; Taiwan; Asia; Eurasia; Far East; Taiwan; Animalia
Type
journal article
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