Monitoring and mass balance analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds and their transformation products in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic wastewater treatment system in Xiamen, China
Journal
Chemosphere
Journal Volume
204
Pages
170-177
Date Issued
2018
Author(s)
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence, removal and mass balance of 8 endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), ethinylestradiol (EE2), triclosan (TCS), triclocarbon (TCC), 4-n-nonyl phenol (NP) and 4-n-octyl phenol (OP), along with 5 of their transformation products (TPs), including 4-hydroxy estrone (4-OH E1), 4-hydroxy estradiol (4-OH E2), methyl triclosan (MeTCS), carbanilide (NCC), dichlorocarbanilide (DCC) in a wastewater treatment plant. Generally, E3 showed the highest concentrations in wastewater with median value of 514 ng/L in influent, while TCS and TCC showed highest level in sludge and suspended solids (SS) with median value of 960 and 724 μg/kg, respectively. Spatial variations were observed along each unit of the wastewater treatment processes for dissolved analytes in wastewater and adsorbed analytes in suspended solids and sludge. Special emphasis was placed to understand the mass load of EDCs and their TPs to the wastewater treatment unit and mass loss during the wastewater treatment processes. Mass loss based on both aqueous and suspended phase concentration revealed that majority of these chemicals were significantly removed during the treatment process except for TCS, TCC, and three of their TPs (MeTCS, NCC, DCC), which were released or generated during the treatment process. Mass load results showed that 42.4 g of these EDCs and their TPs entered this wastewater treatment system daily via influent, whereas 6.15 g and 7.60 g were discharged through effluent and sludge. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Subjects
Endocrine disrupting compounds; Mass balance; Mass loads; Wastewater treatment processes
Other Subjects
Anoxic water; Bioassay; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Effluent treatment; Effluents; Endocrine disrupters; Phenols; Reclamation; Sewage treatment plants; Endocrine disrupting compound; Mass balance; Mass balance analysis; Mass load; Transformation products; Wastewater treatment plants; Wastewater treatment process; Wastewater treatment system; Wastewater treatment; 4 hydroxyestradiol; 4 hydroxyestrone; 4 nonylphenol; 4 octylphenol; carbanilide; endocrine disruptor; estradiol; estriol; estrone; ethinylestradiol; methyltriclosan; triclocarban; triclosan; 4-nonylphenol; 4-octylphenol; endocrine disruptor; estradiol; estriol; estrone; ethinylestradiol; methyltriclosan; phenol derivative; triclosan; concentration (composition); endocrine disruptor; mass balance; monitoring; pollutant removal; sludge; spatial distribution; spatial variation; suspended load; transformation; wastewater treatment; wastewater treatment plant; adsorption; anaerobic anoxic oxic wastewater treatment system; Article; biotransformation; chemical analysis; China; ecotoxicity; ecotoxicology; effluent; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; influent; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; mass; mass balance analysis; mass fragmentography; multiple reaction monitoring; nonhuman; quality control; risk assessment; sludge; spatial analysis; suspended particulate matter; toxic concentration; waste component removal; waste water; waste water management; waste water treatment plant; water pollutant; analogs and derivatives; analysis; chemistry; procedures; sewage; China; Fujian; Xiamen; China; Endocrine Disruptors; Estradiol; Estriol; Estrone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Phenols; Sewage; Triclosan; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Waste Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Type
journal article