A Study of Green Road Pricing on Distance-based Toll Scheme
Date Issued
2015
Date
2015
Author(s)
Hsieh, Tung-Hung
Abstract
Recently, the level of road service on highway is always based on “the level of road congestion”(V/C) and “the level of road smoothness”(between average speed and speed limit). We can’t take the external cost into consideration to evaluate the level of road service. Hence, we bring the concept of “Delay Time Cost”, “Carbon Emission Cost” ,and “Accident Risk Cost” into “Green Safety Cost” in order to make the green safety cost become a criterion to evaluate the level of road service on highway. Taiwan Highway Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC) has changed from entry-based toll payment system into distance-based toll payment system since December 2013.Passengers’ behavior would change due to distance-based toll payment. Because the government has to maintain financial structures, its annual income must be NT$ 22 billion. The Taiwan Area National Freeway Bureau grants passengers preferences so that, for the first 20 kilometers traveled each day is free of each vehicle. Based on the two conditions mentioned above, this research formulates road pricing mechanism which is composed of “static road pricing mechanism” and “dynamic road pricing mechanism”. The static road pricing mechanism includes “ basic road pricing,” distance-based road pricing”, and” off-peak period road pricing”. The dynamic road pricing mechanism considers the relationship between passengers, government, and the electric tolling company, building a dynamic general model, and creates a win-win-win situation for passengers, government, and the electric tolling company. Our research sections include the Taiwan Freeway No. 1, Taiwan Freeway No. 3, and Taiwan Freeway No. 5 during the period from 3rd June 2014 until 30th June 2014.We combine carbon emission data, traffic parameter data, accident data, lane geometry data and formulate the green safety cost .The result of static basic road pricing shows that the basic price of passenger car and small truck is NT$ 1.0435 ,which is lower than NT$ 1.2 per 1 kilometer charged from small vehicles in Taiwan nowadays . The basic price of bus, large truck , tractor is NT$ 1.9827, NT$ 2.6192, NT$ 3.1827 respectively, which is higher than NT$ 1.5 per 1 kilometer charged from large vehicles and NT$ 1.8 per 1 kilometer charged from tractors. If we implement static distance-based road pricing in this research, it will have a great impact on travel distance between 20 km to 200 km. The result of dynamic road pricing shows that if we set the basic price on 0.9801, not only the government can maintain financial structure with a certain annual income ($22,001,897,187), but also electric tolling company can acquire a better income ($379,456,020). The electric tolling company can achieve the policy objective, and passengers can take advantage of the first 20 kilometers traveled each day for free. It creates a three-win situation for passengers, government, and the electric tolling company.
Subjects
accident risk cost
carbon emission cost
delay time cost
static road pricie
dynamic road pricing
Type
thesis