Immunogenicity of a three-dose primary series of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with lymphoid malignancies
Journal
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Journal Volume
9
Journal Issue
8
Pages
ofac417
Date Issued
2022
Author(s)
Sherman, A. C.
Crombie, J. L.
Desjardins, M.
Zhou, G.
Ometoruwa, O.
Rooks, R.
Senussi, Y.
McDonough, M.
Guerrero, L. I.
Kupelian, J.
Doss-Gollin, S.
Smolen, K. K.
van Haren, S. D.
Armand, P.
Levy, O.
Walt, D. R.
Baden, L. R.
Issa, N. C.
Abstract
Background: Patients with lymphoid malignancies are at risk for poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related outcomes and have reduced vaccine-induced immune responses. Currently, a 3-dose primary regimen of mRNA vaccines is recommended in the United States for immunocompromised hosts. Methods: = 94) was conducted, with longitudinal follow-up through completion of a 2- or 3-dose primary mRNA COVID vaccine series, respectively. Humoral responses were assessed in all participants, and cellular immunity was assessed in a subset of participants. Results: = .7424). The third dose seroconverted 7 of 41 (17.1%) patients who were seronegative after the first 2 doses. Although most patients with lymphoid malignancies produced vaccine-induced T-cell responses in the subset studied, B-cell frequencies were low with minimal memory cell formation. Conclusions: A 3-dose primary mRNA series enhanced anti-S IgG responses to titers equivalent to healthy adults in patients with lymphoid malignancies who were seropositive after the first 2 doses and seroconverted 17.1% who were seronegative after the first 2 doses. T-cell responses were present, raising the possibility that the vaccines may confer some cell-based protection even if not measurable by anti-S IgG.
SDGs
Type
journal article