Self-powered AlGaN/GaN HEMT-based sensor integrated with rotational TENG for comprehensive water quality analysis
Journal
Nano Energy
Journal Volume
135
Start Page
110637
ISSN
22112855
Date Issued
2025-03
Author(s)
Sharma, Manish Kumar
Lin, Yen-Jui
Lin, Chia-Kai
Nahak, Bishal Kumar
Huang, Chun-Ju
Chen, Chun Cheng
Wang, Yu-Lin
Abstract
High-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are recognized for their high electron mobility, exceptional sensitivity and linear response, making them ideal for precise sensing applications. This study introduces a novel, self-powered monitoring system that integrates a rotating triboelectric nanogenerator (R-TENG) with an AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor for detecting pH levels, heavy metals (Cr6 +, As3+, Pb2+), pesticides (chlorpyrifos) and microplastics (polystyrene) under aquatic conditions. The encapsulated device constructed with acrylic layers and magnetic coupling, operates reliably underwater, achieving a 75 V output at 7 μA at 100 rpm. Demonstrating high pH sensitivity (-13.93 mA/pH) with strong linearity (R2 = 0.98), HEMT sensor effectively detects pollutants at trace levels, distinguishing concentrations down to nanomolar ranges. Operating at a peak power of 76.64 μW and switching frequency of 60 Hz, this innovative system facilitates continuous, long-term environmental monitoring, harnessing water wave energy to enable sustainable pollutant detection in remote or harsh aquatic environments.
Subjects
Energy harvesting
Environmental monitoring
Heavy metal ions
HEMT
Microplastics
Triboelectric nanogenerator
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Type
journal article