Taiwan’s Homeland Security Response System :A Study of Emergency Response
Date Issued
2014
Date
2014
Author(s)
Huang, Cheng-Fang
Abstract
The Office of Homeland Security (OHS) in the Executive Yuan has become the first-level unit of the Yuan’s headquarter since 1st of January in 2012, and takes charge of anti-terrorism and homeland security affairs of R.O.C. Therefore, this article specifically recommends the great significance of building homeland security response system so as to set up the security net by all-hazards approach. In terms of national threats and major disasters, and developmental trends from cases of National terrorism and Threat, almost every democratic country now positively constructs prevention and emergency response mechanisms. Taiwan had successively built several types of response systems, including: 1. Disaster prevention system: organized by Ministry of the Interior (MOI), based on Disaster Prevention and Rescue Act and its related orders; 2. Nuclear emergency response system: organized by Atomic Energy Council (AEC), based on Nuclear Emergency Response Act with related orders; 3.Biological pathogens response system: Department of Health (DOH), which is based on Communicable Disease Prevention Act with related orders; 4.Toxic chemical substances response system: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), based on Toxic Chemical Substances Management Act with related orders; 5. National Defense Mobilization System: Ministry of National Defense (MND), based on National Defense Mobilization Preparation Act with related orders; 6.Anti-Terrorism System: mainly OHS, based not only on Draft of Anti-Terrorism Action Act which is connected with ‘Anti-terrorism organizational architecture and operational mechanism’, but also its related orders; and 7.Information and Communication Security System: both by Research, Development and Evaluation Commission (RDEC), and by Science and Technology Advisory Group in the Executive Yuan, with their related laws and orders. All these response systems are named after homeland security-related response system, and this article tries to integrate for this response system by all-hazards approach.
By observing the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Singapore’s development, many things of institutional design are found in common. The U.S. has the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), with its spirit of ‘all hazards approach.’ While the British practices and experiences shows, they passed the law of Civil Defense Response Act in 2004, the cabinet office now also sets up a branch called Civil Defense Response Secretariat as core mechanism of response planning and disaster crisis management; Japan’s cabinet has its minister of disaster prevention, director of crisis management, and department of disaster prevention, office of crisis management; while Singapore cabinet office has the National Security Coordination Secretariat (NSCS) with two executive agencies, namely National Security Co-ordination Centre (NSCC) and Joint Counter-Terrorism Centre (JCTC) to assist NSCS’s task. Thus, according to international experiences, Taiwan must improve and set up a dedicated unit capable of coordination and integration within the Executive Yuan’s authority level. I suggest the ways to coordinate and integrate all the homeland security response systems by developmental trends of homeland security. It is highly necessary and urgent to build this homeland security net by all-hazards approach.
In the end, Overview of The Preparedness and Integration of Taiwan’s Emergency Response System and Building Homeland Security Response System and Critical Infrastructure Security Protection Mechanism by All Hazards Approach; the main idea of this article is to strengthen collaboration and preparedness of all the systems or response mechanisms. First, I discuss Seven ‘emergency response’ key systems such as disaster prevention, nuclear accidents, anti-terrorism, and biological pathogens, and toxic chemical substances, etc. so as to evaluate or propose relevant suggestions. Secondly, in order to practice on national overall response mechanism---the practice of single response mechanism, we shall focus on the goal of preparing for emergency response system, building homeland security operation mechanisms; and integrating all the response plans from varied emergency systems. Meanwhile, this article coordinating and integrating all the homeland security response systems. In addition to learning from all countries’ response experiences of complex disasters, this research proposes: First, central government should reform and build a homeland security ‘dedicated unit’ through organizational legislation; Second, Outlook of Preparedness and Integration of national whole response mechanism with single response framework and commander by build this homeland security net and national Critical Infrastructure Security Protection net by all-hazards approach; Third, challenges of developing Emergency response Basic law or the draft of homeland Security Basic law in the future.
Subjects
國家安全
國土防衛
國土安全
緊急應變
恐怖主義
反恐應變機制
災防應變體系
全動應變體系
生物病原－疫災應變體系
核災應變體系
毒化災應變體系
資通訊安全應變機制
國土安全網
全救災思維
國土安全應變體系
國家整體應變機制
單一應變架構。
SDGs
Type
thesis
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