A mixture of citrus polymethoxyflavones, green tea polyphenols and lychee extracts attenuates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and obesity-induced adipose inflammation in mice
Journal
Food and Function
Journal Volume
10
Journal Issue
12
Pages
7667-7677
Date Issued
2019
Author(s)
Abstract
Adipocyte-macrophage interaction in obesity can cause adipose tissue inflammation and contribute to insulin resistance. Here, we investigated the effect of SlimTrym? - a formulated product containing citrus polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), green tea extract, and lychee polyphenols - on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and obesity-induced inflammation. SlimTrym? inhibited mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest via upregulation of p21 and p53. SlimTrym? attenuated adipogenic differentiation by downregulating adipogenic factors, such as CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and upregulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Pretreatment with compound C significantly reduced SlimTrym?-mediated suppression of lipid accumulation. SlimTrym? reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, in co-cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. C57BL/6 mice administered with SlimTrym? for 16 weeks showed markedly reduced high-fat diet (HFD)-induced infiltration of monocytes/macrophages in adipose tissue; however, the level of M2 macrophage markers (CD163 and IL-10) was increased. Taken together, these findings indicate that SlimTrym? exerts both anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, and can potentially treat obesity and adipose tissue inflammation. ? 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Other Subjects
Cytology; Macrophages; Mammals; Molecular weight; Pathology; Proteins; Tissue; Adipogenic differentiations; AMP-activated protein kinase; Anti-inflammatory effects; Enhancer binding proteins; Green tea polyphenols; Induced infiltrations; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; Pro-inflammatory cytokines; Nutrition; CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha; flavone derivative; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; plant extract; polyphenol; 3T3-L1 cell line; adipocyte; adipogenesis; animal; C57BL mouse; Camellia sinensis; chemistry; Citrus; drug effect; fruit; genetics; human; immunology; lychee; male; mouse; obesity; pathophysiology; 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Adiposity; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Camellia sinensis; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; Citrus; Flavones; Fruit; Humans; Litchi; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; PPAR gamma
Type
journal article