Contemporary Molecular Analyses of Malignant Tumors for Precision Treatment and the Implication in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

New molecular tests and methods, in addition to morphology-based diagnosis, are widely used as a new standard of care in many tumors. “One-size-fits-all medicine” is now shifting to precision medicine. This review is intended to discuss the key steps toward to development of precision medicine and its implication in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The challenges and opportunities of precision medicine in oral cancer will be sequentially discussed based on the four steps of precision medicine: identification/detection, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring.