Performance Evaluation of Growth and Flowering in Chrysanthemum Lines
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Lin, Fu-Mei
Abstract
Chrysanthemum is one of the most important cut flowers in Taiwan. However, in the past decade, production area and export quantity have decreased in Taiwan. In additions, most growers spend lots of money to buy chrysanthemum cuttings, which have been granted with plant breeders right in European countries. To improve the situation, evaluation of self-bred lines production system is needed. Thus, this research evaluated five new chrysanthemum lines, A: ‘Feng-Yan’ × ‘Feng Huo-Yan’; and lines B, C, D, and E, obtained from open pollination with ‘Kaa Luoh-Lii’, ‘Feng Jyi-Shyang’, ‘Feng Huo-Yan’, ‘Chiu-Yang’ as mother parents, respectively.
Plants of chrysanthemum lines A-E were grown at day/night temperatures of 15/ 13 ℃, 20/15 ℃, 25/20 ℃, 30/25 ℃ and 35/30 ℃ in summer and autumn, or autumn and winter. Leaf number below the inflorescence increased in all chrysanthemum lines as day/night temperature increased from 15/13 ℃ to 35/30 ℃ in summer and autumn. All chrysanthemum lines flowered earliest at 20/15 ℃. Chrysanthemum lines B and C flowered normally when grown at 15/13 to 30/25 ℃, while flowering-heat-delay of lines A, D, and E occurred at 25/ 20 ℃ or higher temperatures. All chrysanthemum lines did not reach show color stage when grown at 35/30 ℃, especially for line D, which remained vegetative growth after 35/30 ℃ treatment for 100 days.
Leaf number below the inflorescence did not change in chrysanthemum lines A and E, while this leaf number increased in lines B and C, as day/night temperature increased from 15/13 ℃ to 35/30 ℃ in autumn and winter conditions. Leaf number below the inflorescence in line D was highest at 35/30 ℃. All chrysanthemum lines grown at 15/13 to 25/20 ℃ flowered normally within nine weeks, but exhibited flowering-heat-delay at 30/25 ℃ or 35/30 ℃. Calculating the days to flower in autumn and winter in plants grown at 20/15 ℃, chrysanthemum line A behaved as 7 to 8-week cultivar, lines B and C were 8-week cultivars, line D was 9-week cultivar, while line E was 8 to 9-week cultivar.
Inflorescence diameter decreased as day/night temperature increased from 15/13 ℃ to 35/30 ℃ in all chrysanthemum lines in autumn and winter conditions. Inflorescence number increased as the growing temperature increased. Vase life after harvest was longest in plants grown at 35/30 ℃ in lines B, C, and D. Ray floret C* value decreased in all chrysanthemum lines grown at high temperatures of 30/25 or 35/30 ℃, while L* value increased as growing temperature increased. High temperatures >25/20 ℃ caused pale color in ray florets and increased the L* value. High temperature at 35/30 ℃ increased ho value and resulted in fading pink color of ray florets in lines A and D, while ho values were changed little in lines B, C, and E.
Lines B and E had more cuttings in stock plants grown at 30/25 ℃ than at 20/15 ℃. Lines B, C, and E had higher SPAD-502 value, thicker stem diameter and more number of leaves per cutting in stock plants at 20/15 ℃ than at 30/25 ℃. At the first harvest, more roots found in cuttings from stock plants at 20/15 ℃ in lines B and C, but at 30/25 ℃ in line E. At second harvest, root dry weight of cuttings was higher in three lines of stock plants grown at 20/15 ℃ than at 30/25 ℃.
When planted in Tao-Yuan during three different months, stock plants grown in September and October had highest cutting yield for all chrysanthemum lines. Regardless of growing month, cuttings of lines A, D, and E stored at 5±2 ℃ for 4 to 16 days had better subsequent rooting; and cuttings of line B and C stored at 5±2 ℃ for 4 to 12 days had more subsequent root growth. Shoot dry weight tended to decrease in all chrysanthemum lines when the storage duration increased.
Cut flowers of chrysanthemum ‘Jeng-yang’ were treated with two dyers, various temperatures (25, 45, 65, 80 and 90 ℃), concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g•L-1), and durations (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 h). The best flower color quality and longest vase life was achieved in cut flowers treated at 80 and 90 ℃ in 20 to 25 g•L-1 of two color dyers for 3 to 5 hours. However, adopting these dyeing conditions to the cut flowers of line E failed to achieve good dyeing quality. Ray florets could not be dyed uniformly and leaves were dyed in red and brown.
Subjects
cutting
storage
temperature
dyeing
Type
thesis
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