Mitochondrial CMPK2 mediates immunomodulatory and antiviral activities through IFN-dependent and IFN-independent pathways
Journal
iScience
Journal Volume
24
Journal Issue
6
Date Issued
2021-06-25
Author(s)
Lai, Jenn-Haung
Wu, De-Wei
Wu, Chien-Hsiang
Hung, Li-Feng
Huang, Chuan-Yueh
Ka, Shuk-Man
Chen, Ann
Ho, Ling-Jun
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate the immune response after dengue virus (DENV) infection. Microarray analysis of genes identified the upregulation of mitochondrial cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) by DENV infection. We used small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown (KD) and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) approaches, to investigate the role of CMPK2 in mouse and human cells. The results showed that CMPK2 was critical in DENV-induced antiviral cytokine release and mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA release to the cytosol. The DENV-induced activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9, inflammasome pathway, and cell migration was suppressed by CMPK2 depletion; however, viral production increased under CMPK2 deficiency. Examining mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from interferon-alpha (IFN-α) receptor-KO mice and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-KO mice, we confirmed that CMPK2-mediated antiviral activity occurred in IFN-dependent and IFN-independent manners. In sum, CMPK2 is a critical factor in DENV-induced immune responses to determine innate immunity.
Subjects
Immunology; Molecular biology; Virology
SDGs
Type
journal article