Effect of a 90 g/day low-carbohydrate diet on glycaemic control, small, dense low-density lipoprotein and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic patients: An 18-month randomised controlled trial
Journal
PLoS ONE
Journal Volume
15
Journal Issue
10-Oct
Pages
e0240158
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Huang, Wei-Sheng
Chen, Hui-Chuen
Chang, Chin-Hao
Lee, Long-Teng
Chen, Heng-Shuen
Kang, Yow-Der
WEI-DEAN WANG
Abstract
Aim This study explored the effect of a moderate (90 g/d) low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) in type 2 diabetes patients over 18 months. Methods Ninety-two poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients aged 20–80 years with HbA1c >7.5% (58 mmol/mol) in the previous three months were randomly assigned to a 90 g/d LCD r traditional diabetic diet (TDD). The primary outcomes were glycaemic control status and change in medication effect score (MES). The secondary outcomes were lipid profiles, small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), serum creatinine, microalbuminuria and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Results A total of 85 (92.4%) patients completed 18 months of the trial. At the end of the study, the LCD and TDD group consumed 88.0±29.9 g and 151.1±29.8 g of carbohydrates, respectively (p < 0.05). The 18-month mean change from baseline was statistically significant for the HbA1c (-1.6±0.3 vs. -1.0±0.3%), 2-h glucose (-94.4±20.8 vs. -18.7±25.7 mg/dl), MES (-0.42±0.32 vs. -0.05±0.24), weight (-2.8±1.8 vs. -0.7±0.7 kg), waist circumference (-5.7 ±2.7 vs. -1.9±1.4 cm), hip circumference (-6.1±1.8 vs. -2.9±1.7 cm) and blood pressure (-8.3±4.6/-5.0±3 vs. 1.6±0.5/2.5±1.6 mmHg) between the LCD and TDD groups (p<0.05). The 18-month mean change from baseline was not significantly different in lipid profiles sdLDL, serum creatinine, microalbuminuria, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and carotid IMT between the groups. Conclusions A moderate (90 g/d) LCD showed better glycaemic control with decreasing MES, lowering blood pressure, decreasing weight, waist and hip circumference without adverse effects on lipid profiles, sdLDL, serum creatinine, microalbuminuria, ALT and carotid IMT than TDD for type 2 diabetic patients. Copyright: ? 2020 Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
SDGs
Other Subjects
alanine aminotransferase; carbohydrate; cholesterol; creatinine; glucose; hemoglobin A1c; high density lipoprotein; low density lipoprotein; triacylglycerol; uric acid; glycosylated hemoglobin; hemoglobin A1c protein, human; low density lipoprotein; adult; aged; alanine aminotransferase blood level; Article; blood pressure measurement; body mass; body weight loss; caloric intake; carotid intima-media thickness; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; creatinine blood level; diabetic diet; diabetic patient; diastolic blood pressure; fat intake; female; glucose blood level; glycemic control; hemoglobin blood level; hip circumference; human; lipoprotein blood level; low carbohydrate diet; major clinical study; male; medication effect score; microalbuminuria; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; open study; outcome assessment; protein intake; randomized controlled trial; systolic blood pressure; thigh circumference; triacylglycerol blood level; uric acid blood level; waist circumference; arterial wall thickness; atherosclerosis; blood; complication; low carbohydrate diet; middle aged; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; procedures; treatment outcome; very elderly; young adult; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin A; Humans; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Type
journal article