Recent advances: The imbalance of immune cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Journal
Diagnostics
Journal Volume
10
Journal Issue
5
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Abstract
Recent advancement in the immunological understanding of genesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has implicated a decline in anti-tumour immunity on the background of chronic inflammatory state of liver parenchyma. The development of HCC involves a network of immunological activity in the tumour microenvironment involving continuous interaction between tumour and stromal cells. The reduction in anti-tumour immunity is secondary to changes in various immune cells and cytokines, and the tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in modulating the process of liver fibrosis, hepatocarcinogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor invasion and metastasis. Thus, it is considered as one of primary factor behind the despicable tumour behavior and observed poor survival; along with increased risk of recurrence following treatment in HCC. The primary intent of the present review is to facilitate the understanding of the complex network of immunological interactions of various immune cells, cytokines and tumour cells associated with the development and progression of HCC. ? 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Subjects
Check point inhibitors; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Immunomodulation; Radiofrequency
SDGs
Other Subjects
cytokine; tumor antigen; cancer associated fibroblast; chronic inflammation; dendritic cell; endothelium cell; hepatic stellate cell; human; immune response; immunocompetent cell; liver carcinogenesis; liver cell carcinoma; myeloid-derived suppressor cell; natural killer cell; regulatory T lymphocyte; Review; T lymphocyte; tumor associated leukocyte; tumor microenvironment
Publisher
MDPI AG
Type
review