行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告: 台灣山坡地與海岸環境敏感區土地利用變遷及其對環境衝擊之研究─子計畫三：集水區土地利用變遷對河川水文的影響(I)
Date Issued
2002
Date
2002
Author(s)
徐美玲
DOI
902621Z002018
Abstract
Rapid population growth and industrial development in recent years have resulted in urban sprawl onto the peripheral slopeland and cultivation of some forested land. These land use changes have great impacts on the watershed ecosystem, and have been the major concern in watershed management. Due to the interrelationship between the use of a land and its environmental factors, effective prediction of the impact of land use change on watershed runoff can only be achieved by incorporating the actual spatial distribution of land use within a watershed. This study aims to develop a grid-based distributed hydrological model which can readily incorporate land use information derived from satellite imageries and simulate watershed hydrographs for different land use spatial patterns. We have completed some preliminary modules of the model, including slope gradient, slope aspects, and specific catchment area calculation module based on digital terrain model, land use classification model through satellite image intepretation, a parameter calibration device by combining Monte Carlo simulation, Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Efficiency Coefficient, as well as a flow distribution module made of Green and Ampt infiltration model, Darcy-Weisbach Equation and Saint-Venant Equation.
The watershed of the Nai-Wong Hydrological Station was chosen as the study area. The meteorological data for the four meteorological stations within the watershed and the hydrological data for Nai-Wong Hydrological Station, collected from 1980 to 2000, were analyzed. By ignoring the effects on infiltration and flow roughness caused by land use, the rainfall data collected during a storm on July 4, 1997 were used to simulate overland flow and the stream hydrograph. 40 parameter sets were adopted for simulation tests. Preliminary results showed that the model¡¦s general performance was acceptable, it worked well in predicting the rising limb, the peak and its lag time of the hydrograph, but did poorly in predicting the general tendency of the hydrograph¡¦s falling limb. This discrepancy was postulated as being due to the lack of a subsurface flow consideration.
Subjects
Geographic Information System
Digital Elevation Models
Distributed Hydrological Model
kinematic wave
Manning's equation
Green and Ampt Infiltration
SDGs
Publisher
臺北市：國立臺灣大學地理環境資源學系暨研究所
Type
report
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