Distinct Effects of Growth Hormone and Glutamine on Activation of Intestinal Stem Cells
Journal
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Journal Volume
42
Journal Issue
3
Pages
642-651
Date Issued
2018
Author(s)
Abstract
Background: For patients with short bowel syndrome under parenteral nutrition support, growth hormone (GH) and glutamine (GLN) have been found to help the growth of intestinal mucosa. In this research, we studied the effects of GH and GLN on intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Methods: The in vitro and in vivo effects of GH and/or GLN on ISCs were evaluated by observing the ability of ISCs to form organoids in a Matrigel culture system. The expression levels of stemness and differentiation markers in ISCs and organoids were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence assay, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results: In vitro administration of GH activated the stemness of ISCs, whereas GLN enhanced the expression of chromogranin A and Muc2, which are differentiation markers in enteroendocrine and goblet cells, respectively. Administration of GH or GLN in mice showed that GH, but not GLN, upregulated the proliferative activity of ISCs with increased formation of crypt organoids. In addition, GH increased the expression of Lgr5 and GLN enhanced expression of Muc2 in the crypt fractions of the intestines in mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that GH mainly enhances proliferative activities, whereas GLN promotes the differentiation potential of ISCs. ? 2017 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Subjects
glutamine; growth hormone; intestinal stem cell; rehabilitation; research and diseases
Other Subjects
chromogranin A; G protein coupled receptor; glutamine; growth hormone; leucine rich repeat containing g protein coupled receptor 5; lysozyme; mucin 2; unclassified drug; villin; biological marker; chromogranin A; glutamine; growth hormone; mucin 2; animal cell; Article; cell activation; cell differentiation; cell proliferation; controlled study; drug efficacy; enteroendocrine cell; goblet cell; immunofluorescence; immunofluorescence test; immunohistochemistry; in vitro study; in vivo study; intestinal stem cell; male; mouse; nonhuman; organoid; priority journal; protein expression; real time polymerase chain reaction; upregulation; animal; Bagg albino mouse; cell culture; chemistry; cytology; drug effect; gene expression; genetics; growth, development and aging; human; intestine; physiology; stem cell; Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Chromogranin A; Gene Expression; Glutamine; Goblet Cells; Growth Hormone; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intestines; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mucin-2; Organoids; Stem Cells
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Type
journal article