The Characteristics of Lead Isotopes of Taiwan Gasoline and Its Application to Environmental Forensics
Date Issued
2012
Date
2012
Author(s)
Chang, Ying-Fang
Abstract
Leaded gasoline has been regarded as one of the major source of human lead exposure. Nowadays, people reduce this risk by using unleaded gasoline, but we can’t eliminate them all. This study established a lead isotope analyze technique of gasoline. We analyzed and compared the characteristics of stable lead isotopes between gasoline of different brands and environmental media. Set 92 unleaded gasoline, 95 unleaded gasoline, 98 unleaded gasoline, and diesel fuel samples are collected from the Chinese Petroleum Corporation (CPC)and Formosa Plastics Corporation(FPCC). High-precision lead isotope ratios of gasoline samples were obtained by using Multi Collector-Inductively Coupled plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Four lead isotope ratios: 208Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 207Pb/206Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb, were determined. Meanwhile, lead concentrations in gasoline were measured by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass Spectrometer (ICP-SF-MS).
Results reveal the lead concentrations in gasoline ranged from 5 ng g-1 to 50 ng g-1. The lead isotope ratio data analysis via T-test shows that the ratio characteristics have non-significant difference between different sites of gas station under the same brand. Furthermore, there is significant difference between two brands of gas products on its lead isotopic ratios. To estimate the lead isotope ratios of overall vehicle exhaust based on sales ratio and gas stations number, the lead isotope ratios (208Pb/207Pb and 207Pb/206Pb) are 2.4269 and 0.8710, it’s very similar to Taipei area aerosols lead isotope ratios of 2.4270 and 0.8720, respectively. Represent that the lead in Taipei area aerosols mainly from local gasoline combustion.
Results reveal the lead concentrations in gasoline ranged from 5 ng g-1 to 50 ng g-1. The lead isotope ratio data analysis via T-test shows that the ratio characteristics have non-significant difference between different sites of gas station under the same brand. Furthermore, there is significant difference between two brands of gas products on its lead isotopic ratios. To estimate the lead isotope ratios of overall vehicle exhaust based on sales ratio and gas stations number, the lead isotope ratios (208Pb/207Pb and 207Pb/206Pb) are 2.4269 and 0.8710, it’s very similar to Taipei area aerosols lead isotope ratios of 2.4270 and 0.8720, respectively. Represent that the lead in Taipei area aerosols mainly from local gasoline combustion.
Subjects
Gasoline
Stable lead isotopes
Environmental forensics
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
Type
thesis
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