Dysphoric Mood and Modes of Rumination on Emotion Regulation and Implicit Future Thinking
Date Issued
2015
Date
2015
Author(s)
Lai, Kuan-Ying
Abstract
Emotion regulation has been widely studied with major depression disorder, and previous studies showed that depressive individuals tended to use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, especially rumination. Lyubomirsky, Caldwell, & Nolen-Hoeksema (1998) proposed that depressive rumination enhanced accessibility of negative cognition and increased mood congruent effect. Recently Watkins & Teasdale (2001) proposed distinct modes of rumination, namely, analytic rumination and experiential rumination, as maladaptive and adaptive effect regulation strategies. Compared to analytic rumination, experiential rumination would be a more adaptive emotion regulation strategy. However, there has been no study on how experiential and analytic rumination affected implicit future thinking. In this study, the authors investigated how dysphoric mood and modes of rumination affect emotion regulation and implicit future thinking under negative mood context. Firstly, 190 participants underwent negative mood induction and pre-tests, including implicit future thinking task. Then, they were randomly assigned to analytic rumination or experiential rumination. Finally, they completed post-tests and manipulation check. The authors chose BDI-II scores > 14 to be the dysphoric group and BDI-II < 5 to be the nondysphoric group. Using these criteria, we screened 69 participants for data analyses. A 2 (dysphoric/nondysphoric group) × 2 (analytic/experiential ) × 2 (pre-test/post-test) × 2 (I-expect/I-don’t-expect ) × 2 (positive/negative future) five way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. The results showed that under negative mood induction, the dysphoric group confirmed “I-expect-negative (future)”, and the nondysphoric group denied “I-expect-negative (future)”. Compared to the pre-test, the analytic rumination group tended to be more confirming I-expect-negative (future)” and less denial of “I –don’t expect -positive (future)” in the post-test. However, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and the post-test for the experiential rumination group. Besides, both analytic rumination group and analytic rumination group showed no mood recovery after the rumination manipulation. We concluded that, compared to the nondysphoric group, the dysphoric group was more pessimistic to the future. We also concluded that under negative mood context, analytic rumination would have more maladaptive effect on implicit future thinking, indicating that analytic rumination enhanced negative-biased cognition. Taken together, the present study supported that analytic rumination was a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, indicating that keeping adopting maladaptive emotion regulation strategy might increased the possibility of developing depression. Finally, according to our finding, in the future, implicit thinking task may be a possible clinical intervention or an assessment tool for treatment effect.
Subjects
depression
analytic rumination
experiential rumination
implicit future thinking
Type
thesis
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