Simulations of switchback, fragmentation and sunspot pair in δ-sunspots during magnetic flux emergence
Journal
Sensors (Switzerland)
Journal Volume
21
Journal Issue
2
Pages
1-22
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
Strong flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), launched from d-sunspots, are the most catastrophic energy-releasing events in the solar system. The formations of d-sunspots and relevant polarity inversion lines (PILs) are crucial for the understanding of flare eruptions and CMEs. In this work, the kink-stable, spot-spot-type d-sunspots induced by flux emergence are simulated, under different subphotospheric initial conditions of magnetic field strength, radius, twist, and depth. The time evolution of various plasma variables of the d-sunspots are simulated and compared with the observation data, including magnetic bipolar structures, relevant PILs, and temperature. The simulation results show that magnetic polarities display switchbacks at a certain stage and then split into numerous fragments. The simulated fragmentation phenomenon in some d-sunspots may provide leads for future observations in the field. ? 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Subjects
Magnetic polarity; Magnetism; Bipolar structure; Coronal mass ejection; Future observations; Initial conditions; Magnetic field strengths; Observation data; Polarity inversion lines; Simulated fragmentation; Magnetoplasma; article; human tissue; magnetic field; simulation
SDGs
Type
journal article