The GLACE-Hydrology Experiment: Effects of Land-Atmosphere Coupling on Soil Moisture Variability and Predictability
Journal
Journal of Climate
Journal Volume
33
Journal Issue
15
Pages
6511-6529
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Abstract
The impact of land-atmosphere anomaly coupling on land variability is investigated using a new two-stage climate model experimental design called the "GLACE-Hydrology" experiment. First, as in the GLACECMIP5 experiment, twin sets of coupled land-atmosphere climate model (CAM5-CLM4.5) ensembles are performed, with each simulation using the same prescribed observed sea surface temperatures and radiative forcing for the years 1971-2014. In one set, land-atmosphere anomaly coupling is removed by prescribing soil moisture to follow the control model's seasonally evolving soil moisture climatology ("land-atmosphere uncoupled"), enabling a contrast with the original control set ("land-atmosphere coupled"). Then, the atmospheric outputs from both sets of simulations are used to force land-only ensemble simulations, allowing investigation of the resulting soil moisture variability and memory under both the coupled and uncoupled scenarios. This study finds that in midlatitudes during boreal summer, land-atmosphere anomaly coupling significantly strengthens the relationship between soil moisture and evapotranspiration anomalies, both in amplitude and phase. This allows for decreased moisture exchange between the land surface and atmosphere, increasing soilmoisturememory and often its variability as well.Additionally, land-atmosphere anomaly coupling impacts runoff variability, especially in wet and transition regions, and precipitation variability, although the latter has surprisingly localized impacts on soilmoisture variability.As a result of these changes, there is an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby the potential seasonal predictability, of SST-forced hydroclimate anomalies in many areas of the globe, especially in the midlatitudes. This predictability increase is greater for soil moisture than precipitation and has important implications for the prediction of drought. © 2020 American Meteorological Society. All rights reserved.
Other Subjects
Atmospheric radiation; Climate models; Design of experiments; Hydrology; Oceanography; Precipitation (meteorology); Signal to noise ratio; Surface waters; Ensemble simulation; Land-atmosphere couplings; Moisture exchange; Moisture variability; Precipitation variability; Radiative forcings; Sea surface temperature (SST); Transition regions; Soil moisture; climate modeling; climatology; drought; evapotranspiration; experimental study; land surface; prediction; radiative forcing; runoff; sea surface temperature; soil moisture
Type
journal article