Quantitation of the mitral tetrahedron in patients with ischemic heart disease using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to evaluate the geometric determinants of ischemic mitral regurgitation
Journal
Clinical Cardiology
Journal Volume
36
Journal Issue
5
Pages
286-292
Date Issued
2013
Author(s)
Abstract
Background Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is common in ischemic heart disease and results in poor prognosis. However, the exact mechanism of IMR has not been fully elucidated. Hypothesis Quantitation of the mitral tetrahedron using three-dimentianl (3D) echocardiography is capable of evaluating the geometric determinants and mechanisms of IMR. Methods Forty patients with a history of ST-elevation myocardial infarction at least 6 months earlier were studied. Parameters of mitral deformation and global left ventricular (LV) function and shape were evaluated by 2-dimensional echocardiography. The effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) of IMR was obtained by the quantitative continuous-wave Doppler technique. Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography was applied to assess the mitral tetrahedron. Results Mitral valvular tenting area (P < 0.001), mitral annular area (P = 0.032), dilation of the LV in diastole, impairment of the LV ejection fraction, and volume of the spherically shaped LV in systole were greater in patients with an ERO ?20 mm2 than in those with an ERO <20 mm2. In the mitral tetrahedron, only the interpapillary muscle roots distance showed a significant difference (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis with the logistic regression model showed the systolic mitral tenting area (odds ratio [OR]: 280.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.59-1.72 × 104, P = 0.007) and interpapillary muscle distance (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.03-2.19, P = 0.036) to be independent factors in predicting significant IMR (ERO ?20 mm2). Conclusions 3D echocardiography can be effectively applied in measuring the mitral tetrahedron and evaluating the mechanism of IMR. Mitral valvular tenting and interpapillary muscle distance are 2 independent factors of significant IMR. ? 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SDGs
Other Subjects
adult; article; clinical article; disease severity; Doppler echocardiography; female; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; human; ischemic mitral regurgitation; male; mitral valve regurgitation; quantitative analysis; real time echography; ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; systole; three dimensional echocardiography; two dimensional echocardiography; aged; comparative study; complication; Doppler echocardiography; echography; heart infarction; heart left ventricle function; heart papillary muscle; middle aged; mitral valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; multivariate analysis; observer variation; odds ratio; pathophysiology; predictive value; reproducibility; risk factor; severity of illness index; statistical model; Aged; Echocardiography, Doppler; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Multivariate Analysis; Myocardial Infarction; Observer Variation; Odds Ratio; Papillary Muscles; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Systole; Ventricular Function, Left
Type
journal article