2024 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease --- Part II.
Journal
Acta Cardiologica Sinica
Journal Volume
40
Journal Issue
6
Pages
669–715
ISSN
1011-6842
Date Issued
2024-11
Author(s)
Chao, Ting-Hsing
Cheng, Cheng-I
Ueng, Kwo-Chang
Wu, Yih-Jer
Lin, Wei-Wen
Leu, Hsing-Ban
Cheng, Hao-Min
Huang, Chin-Chou
Lin, Chao-Feng
Chang, Wei-Ting
Pan, Wen-Han
Ting, Ke-Hsin
Su, Chun-Hung
Chu, Chih-Sheng
Yen, Hsueh-Wei
Wang, Yu-Chen
Liu, Pang-Yen
Chang, Hsien-Yuan
Chen, Po-Wei
Lu, Ya-Wen
Juang, Jyh-Ming Jimmy
Lin, Po-Lin
Wang, Chao-Ping
Ko, Yu-Shien
Chiang, Chern-En
Hou, Charles Jia-Yin
Huang, Po-Hsun
Abstract
For the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the recommended treatment target for each modifiable risk factor is as follows: reducing body weight by 5-10%; blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg (systolic pressure < 120 mmHg in high-risk individuals); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 100 mg/dL in high-risk individuals, LDL-C < 115 mg/dL in moderate-risk individuals, LDL-C < 130 mg/dL in low-risk individuals, and LDL-C < 160 mg/dL in those with a minimal; complete and persistent abstinence from cigarette smoking; hemoglobin A1C < 7.0%; fulfilling recommended amounts of the six food groups according to the Taiwan food guide; and moderate-intensity physical activity 150 min/wk or vigorous physical activity 75 min/wk. For the primary prevention of ASCVD by pharmacological treatment in individuals with modifiable risk factors/clinical conditions, statins are the first-line therapy for reducing LDL-C levels; some specific anti-diabetic drugs proven to be effective in randomized controlled trials for the primary prevention of ASCVD are recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; pharmacological treatment is recommended to assist in weight management for obese patients with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m (or 27 kg/m who also have at least one ASCVD risk factor or obesity-related comorbidity); an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, a sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, and finerenone can be used in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease for the primary prevention of ASCVD. Of note, healthcare providers are at full discretion in clinical practice, owing to the diversity of individuals and practice, and the availability of resources and facilities.
Subjects
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Guidelines
Primary prevention
SDGs
Type
journal article