Detection of biomolecules and body fluid by using quantum dots

The graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a nano sized material of the graphene family that exhibit unique properties suitable for various technological applications. This chapter specifically deals with the integration of GQDs and other graphene family materials for the high-performance detection of biomolecules. Biomolecules are the fundamental building blocks of living organisms, and provide much vital information regarding the functioning of the human body. Therefore, it is of prime importance to analyze and monitor them. One technique for analyzing biomolecules—a powerful sensing technique called surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)—is discussed briefly. Furthermore, the mechanism governing the SERS process is examined.