Systematic approach to source-sink apportionment of copper in paddy fields: Experimental observation, dynamic modeling and prevention strategy
Journal
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Journal Volume
417
Date Issued
2021
Author(s)
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in paddy rice severely impacts the health of consumers and plants. In this study, a systematic approach to source-sink apportionment of copper in paddy fields was developed by considering all bioenvironmental interfaces. Experimental data from two experimental fields (namely Field A and Field B) in the first harvest period was collected. Then, mass-balance-based models with dynamic critical loads were established to evaluate the year of excess for copper. The results indicated that irrigation water contributed the highest portion (96.2–98.8%) of total copper inputs. Under the business-as-usual scenario, the soil copper concentration of Field A and Field B might exceed the Taiwanese national standard within 66 and 24 years, respectively. In addition, alternate wet-dry irrigation was found to be one of the total solutions to reducing copper accumulation in soils by 17–48%. It could also provide a significant reduction of water usage in paddy fields by ~25%, thereby increasing the resilience to extreme climate change events. Lastly, based on the field observations, three improvement strategies on sustaining soil quality towards better agricultural environment were proposed. The connection of copper accumulation in soils with dietary and ecological risks was also briefly illustrated. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Subjects
Climate change; Comprehensive dynamic models; Heavy metal; Water-saving management; Year of excess
Other Subjects
Climate change; Climate models; Copper; Dynamic models; Irrigation; Soils; Water conservation; Comprehensive dynamic model; Copper accumulation; Dynamic prevention; Dynamics modelling; Modelling strategies; Paddy fields; Prevention strategies; Source-sink; Water-saving management; Year of excess; Heavy metals; copper; fertilizer; heavy metal; pesticide; water; copper; heavy metal; climate change; concentration (composition); copper; copper compound; environmental risk; experimental study; heavy metal; irrigation system; modeling; paddy field; soil quality; agricultural land; Article; atmospheric deposition; copper accumulation; electroplating industry; field experiment; food safety; irrigation (agriculture); paddy field; plant; pollution transport; quality control; runoff; sampling; sediment; soil pollution; soil quality; Taiwan; water supply; China; Oryza; soil; soil pollutant; China; Copper; Metals, Heavy; Oryza; Soil; Soil Pollutants
Type
journal article