Study on the anti-cancer activity and quality control of Antrodia cinnamomea
Date Issued
2015
Date
2015
Author(s)
Chung, Cheng-Han
Abstract
Antrodia cinnanomea is a unique medical mushroom in Taiwan. The fruiting body of A. cinnamomea is parasite on the inner cavity of the endemic species Cinnamomum kanehirai. In this study, we research on the anti-cancer activity and metabolites of A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies, and then, we setup the biological and chemical quality control methods. We also tried to find the anti-cancer compound and the mechanism in A. cinnamomea submerged culture. The anti-cancer compound might be the bioactive marker for quality control and novel chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. To study the anti-cancer effect and establish the biological quality control method from different batches of A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies, we collected three batches of A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies in the study. The resulted indicated that three batches of fruiting bodies can inhibit the cell viability of lung cancer A549 cells, liver cancer HepG2 cells and breast cancer MCF-7 cells. We suggested that the IC50 values could be used in quality control. Furthermore, we investigated the apoptosis mechanism of the fruiting bodies ethanol extract. Treatment of A549 cells with A. cinnamomea ethanol extract induced apoptotic cell death, which was characterized by positive results of annexin V/PI assay, caspase-3, caspase-9 activation and inhibition of cyclin D1. We suggested that the increase of caspase-3, caspase-9 activity and the inhibition of cyclin D1 could be used in biological quality control of protein marker. Then, we established the Jurkat cell proteomic response analysis method. The similarity of Jurkat cell proteomic response can be use in quality control. Besides, the phytomics similarity index (PSI) analysis was employed for the chemical quality evaluation of the A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies from different strains and grown on various substrates. The results indicated that the different types of A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies contain eight index compounds, and that it was difficult to discriminate between them solely on the basis of those index compounds. In our research, we used PSI scores to assess the metabolite similarity of the fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea. It was revealed that fruiting bodies from various A. cinnamomea strains and grown on different culture substrates produce distinct PSI scores. We concluded that the PSI analysis had good selectivity on the different types of A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies. Finally, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of on A549 human lung cancer cells using the ethyl acetate extract from submerged culture filtrates. Our results showed that 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (coenzyme Q0; CoQ0) derived from A. cinnamomea submerged culture filtrates has anti-cancer activity. CoQ0 treatment reduced the viability of A549, HepG2, and SW480 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, CoQ0 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in A549 cells, which was inhibited by the antioxidant ascorbic acid. To our knowledge, these data demonstrate for the first time that CoQ0 derived from A. cinnamomea submerged culture filtrates exerts its anti-cancer effect through the induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells. We study the anticancer activity of A. cinnamomea fruiting bodies.
Subjects
Antrodia cinnamomea
submerged culture
anti-cancer activity
quality control
SDGs
Type
thesis