Effect of Temperature on Growth and Offspring Traits in Sinningia spp.
Date Issued
2010
Date
2010
Author(s)
Lin, Bin-Shih
Abstract
Sinningia native species have a wide range of flower colors, shapes, and sizes. They are important ornamental plants due to their tolerance of low light and warm temperature encountered under sub-tropical interior conditions. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effects of temperature on pollen germination, 2) the duration of flower receptivity, 3) the characteristics of selfed or cross progenies, and 4) the effects of different day/night temperatures on plant growth, photosynthesis rate, and cell membrane thermostability of Sinningia native species.
Pollens of six Sinningia native species were used, including S. leucotricha (Hoehne) H.E. Moore, S. cardinalis (Lehm.) H.E. Moore, S. eumorpha H.E. Moore, S. conspicua (Seem.) Nicholson, S. aggregata (Ker Gawl.) Wiehler, and S. pusilla (Mart.) Baill. The pollens were cultured at 25 oC in the deionized water or BK medium containing various sucrose concentrations ranging from 0% to 20%, and the pollen germination was measured after 2 h incubation. The medium consisted 5% to 15 % sucrose, especially 10% sucrose, which was suitable for each native species. The effect of temperature on pollen germination was conducted from 5 to 45 oC at 5 oC intervals. The optimum temperature (Topt) of pollen germination differed significantly among species. S. aggregata exhibited the highest Topt of 30 oC, while S. eumorpha had the lowest Topt of 25 oC.
More growth and higher net photosynthesis were measured at growing temperature of 25/20 or 30/25 oC for S. conspicua, S. tubiflora, S. eumorpha, and S. leucotricha. Low temperatures (15/13 oC and 20/15 oC) increased assimilate partitioning to tubers in S. conspicua and S. tubiflora. The relationship between the relative injury (RI) value occurring in leaf tissue discs of four Sinningia native species and water bath temperature was sigmoidal. Higher cultural temperatures decreased leaf RI values, exhibiting heat-acclimation of four species. S. conspicua and S. eumorpha had higher, but S. tubiflora and S. leucotricha had lower, RI values at 50 oC. Water bath temperature of 50 oC for 30 min had already damaged the membrane of leaf discs in S. conspicua and S. eumorpha.
The optiumal temperature for pollen germination was higher in S. leucotricha than S. eumorpha and S. conspicua. Both leaf electrolyte leakage and relative injury at 50oC water bath treatment were lower in S. leucotricha than S. eumorpha and S. conspicua.
In Sinningia, the anthers matured several days before stigma receptive. Anther dehiscence occurred on day 2 after anthesis in S. conspicua, while on day 1 befoe anthesis in S. cardinalis. Flower age at pollination had significant effects on both capsule width and seed number per capsule. Self pollination 1 and 2 days after anthesis (DAA) resulted in bigger capsules and more seeds. Pollen tubes were observed in styles by aniline blue staining on 1 and 2 DAA.
Native species and S1 progenies of S. cardinalis, S. eumorpha, S. conspicua, and S. aggregata exhibited similar appearance and morphology. Characteristics of F1 hybrids from S. cardinalis ×S. leucotricha, S. eumorpha ×S. leucotricha, and S. cardinalis ×S. eumorpha were uniform; F1 progencies from the reciprocal crossing between S. eumopha and S. conspicua exhibited similar plant type, flower type, and color. Flower color and shape of the F1 was intermediate between the parents. However, the corolla colors varied in F1 hybrid population of S. conspicua ×S. leucotricha, but all flower color density of progenies was between two parents.
Subjects
hybridization
flower characteristic
inheritance
Type
thesis
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