Establishment of an automatic real-time monitoring system for irrigation water quality management
Journal
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Journal Volume
17
Journal Issue
3
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Abstract
In order to provide the real-time monitoring for identifying the sources of pollution and improving the irrigation water quality management, the integration of continuous automatic sampling techniques and cloud technologies is essential. In this study, we have established an automatic real-time monitoring system for improving the irrigation water quality management, especially for heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr. As a part of this work, we have first provided several examples on the basic water quality parameters (e.g., pH and electrical conductance) to demonstrate the capacity of data correction by the smart monitoring system, and then evaluated the trend and variance of water quality parameters for different types of monitoring stations. By doing so, the threshold (to initiate early warming) of different water quality parameters could be dynamically determined by the system, and the authorities could be immediately notified for follow-up actions. We have also provided and discussed the representative results from the realtime automatic monitoring system of heavy metals from different monitoring stations. Finally, we have illustrated the implications of the developed smart monitoring system for ensuring the safety of irrigation water in the near future, including integration with automatic sampling for establishing information exchange platform, estimating fluxes of heavy metals to paddy fields, and combining with green technologies for nonpoint source pollution control. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Subjects
Cloud technology; Data imputation; Heavy metals; Illegal discharge; Improvement strategies; Stripping voltammetry
Other Subjects
cadmium; chromium; copper; nickel; palladium; zinc; heavy metal; water; heavy metal; nonpoint source pollution; pollution control; pollution monitoring; water management; water quality; agricultural parameters; Article; automation; concentration (parameter); electric conductance; environmental monitoring; irrigation (agriculture); mathematical model; pH; pollution control; remote sensing; stripping voltammetry; Taiwan; water quality; China; water pollutant; Agricultural Irrigation; China; Environmental Monitoring; Metals, Heavy; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Quality
Type
journal article